2018考研英语拓展阅读
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阅读一
BANGKOK (AFP) - Thailand’s new King Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun has issued a mass prisoner pardon, a first act of "mercy" as monarch as he reaches out to his subjects following the death of his beloved father.
曼谷(法新社)——泰国新国王哇集拉隆功日前宣布大赦囚犯，这是自其父亲、前国王普密蓬逝世，新国王登基后，首次展示他的慈悲。
Revered King Bhumibol Adulyadej died in October aged 88 after a seven-decade reign, leaving the politically febrile nation without its unifying figure.
广受爱戴的普密蓬国王于今年10月病逝，享年88岁，他已在位70年，使得这个政治狂躁的国家失去了灵魂人物。
His only son was proclaimed king in early December.
12月初，他唯一的儿子被提名为国王。
But the thrice-divorced monarch is yet to draw the same level of devotion from a public well-versed in rumours over his private life.
然而，由于私生活丑闻，这位有着三次婚姻的王储没有得到公众同样的爱戴。
The prisoner pardon was King Maha Vajiralongkorn’s "first chance since he succeeded the throne to show the king’s mercy," according to a statement published on Sunday in palace mouthpiece the Royal Gazette.
据泰国《王室公报》在星期天发表的一份声明，大赦囚犯是新国王成功继承王位后“首次有机会展示他的慈悲。”
Pardons were annual events under the late king.
已故国王生前每年都会大赦囚犯。
Women jailed for first offences, some inmates who have served one third of their sentences, and prisoners with disabilities or serious illness were among those pardoned.
被提前释放的囚犯包括：首次服刑的女性犯人，一些至少已服三分之一刑期以上的犯人，残障人士，重症患者等。
The decree did not say how many prisoners will be freed.
法令并未说明会有多少罪犯被释放。
阅读二
A 12G data package belonging to JD.com, a leading online retail platform in China, has reportedly been leaked. The package contains tens of millions of pieces of personal data, including user names, passwords, email addresses and IDs, according to a report by Jiemian News.
据报道，中国著名网购平台京东(JD.com)泄露了12G信息。据界面新闻报(Jiemian News)道，泄露的信息中含有数千万条个人信息，包括用户名、密码、邮件地址和身份证号。
In an announcement on Dec. 11, JD.com said the leak originated from a Struts 2 vulnerability in 2013, and the company has fixed the problem. The announcement further suggested that users activate mobile certification and payment codes, and update and strengthen their login passwords.
在12月11日的一份声明中，京东表示说信息泄露的源头是该公司2013年留下的一个Struts 2漏洞，目前该公司已经修复了这一问题。该声明进一步建议用户激活手机认证和支付代码，并且修改登陆密码、提高密码的安全性。
This is the second time that JD.com has been involved in a user information leak. In 2015, three employees of JD.com sold a total of 9,313 pieces of information, including names, telephone numbers and addresses, for between 0.3 RMB and 1.5 RMB per piece.
这已经是京东第二次泄露用户信息了。2015年，京东3名员工出售了一共9313条信息，包括用户姓名、电话号码和地址，每条信息售价0.3元到1.5元不等。
阅读三
People should not overreact to the fall in ranking of Chinese students in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment; they should focus on what the test results indicate about the education system in China, experts said.
在2015年国际学生评估项目中(PISA)，中国学生的排名有所下降(排在第十位)，但是有专家指出人们不应对此反应过度，他们应该关注这一测试结果所反应出的中国教育系统中存在的问题。
Chinese students’ scores fell across the board in science, reading and mathematics in the 2015 PISA compared with 2012, although they were able to retain their top-10 ranking in science and math, according to an assessment of results released on Tuesday by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
据上周二经合组织公布的一份结果评估来看，和2012年相比，中国学生2015年国际学生评估项目中科学、阅读、以及数学的分数全线下跌，尽管中国学生的科学和数学成绩仍然能够排在前十。
The 2015 PISA was taken by about 540,000 students aged 15 in 72 countries and economies on science, math and collaborative problem-solving. In China, students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai took the two-hour test.
共有来自72个国家和经济体的54万名15岁学生参加了2015年国际学生评估项目测试，测试内容包括科学、数学和协同问题解决等。来自中国北京、江苏、广东和上海的学生么们参加了这场2小时的测试。
Shanghai began participating in the PISA in 2009 and was the only city on the Chinese mainland partaking in the test. In both the 2009 and 2012 tests, Shanghai surpassed all other participating countries and regions.
上海从2009年开始参加PISA项目，是当时中国大陆唯一一个参加该项测试的城市。在2009年和2012年的.两次测试中，上海打败了其他所有参赛的国家和地区名列第一。
However, in the 2015 test, Singapore dominated across all three subjects, ranking first and outperforming the rest of the world. Students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai scored a median 518 and were ranked 10th in science, compared with the 580 that students from Shanghai alone scored in 2012.
但是在2015年的测试中，新加坡制霸了所有三项测试，超过了所有其他国家和地区排在第一位。北京、江苏、广东和上海学生的得分中位数是518分，科学成绩排在第十位，而2012年测试中上海学生的得分中位数达到了580分。
For mathematics, students in China scored 531 and were ranked sixth, compared with 613 in 2012. Their score in reading was 494, a more obvious decline compared with 2012.
在数学方面，中国学生得到了531分，排在第六位，而2012年的时候这一成绩是613分。中国学生阅读成绩494分，相比于2012年下降更明显。
Yong Zhao, a professor at the University of Kansas’ school of education, said that there is no reason to overreact to China’s scores, because he doesn’t believe the PISA "measures the totality of the quality of education of any education system".
堪萨斯大学教育学院教授赵勇(音)表示说，没有必要对中国的分数反应过度，因为他认为PISA不能“衡量任何教育系统的整体教育水平”。
He said that adding more provinces to the test might have caused the dip, but that there could have been other contributing factors.
赵勇表示说，参加测试的省份变多就可能会造成分数下降，但又有可能存在其他影响因素。
"Overall, we don’t need to read too much into PISA or other international tests," he wrote in an email response to questions.
他在一份回答疑问的邮件中写道：“总的来说，我们不需要过分解读PISA和其他一些国际测试的结果。”
Lu Jing, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, agreed. She said the change in participating cities and provinces had a big impact on the test results, adding that as students from Shanghai represented the highest level and best performance, it’s normal that the average test scores fell after more cities and provinces were involved in the test.
上海教育科学研究院研究员卢静(音)也同意这一观点。据她表示说，参加测试省市的变化对测试结果有巨大的影响。卢静表示说，因为上海学生水平最高、表现最好，因此在更多省市参加这一测试之后，平均分数下降是一件很正常的事情。
Lu, who is also secretary of the PISA Shanghai research center, added that she is more interested in what the scores and rankings reflect about China’s education system.
卢静还担任PISA上海研究中心的秘书，她表示说自己更感兴趣的是这一分数和排名所反应出的中国教育系统存在的问题。
"Big gaps now exist among students from different provinces and regions, while the proportion of Chinese students who have a real passion for math and science is still low," she said. "Solving these problems is more important and meaningful to Chinese educators than just looking at the scores."
卢静说道：“现在不同省份和地区的学生之间存在着巨大的差距，而中国学生真正热爱数学和科学的比例仍然很低。对中国的教育者们来说，解决这些问题要比只盯着这些分数要更加重要和有意义。”
阅读四
Koichi Hagiuda did not give a reason as to why the gift had been rejected.
生田光一(Koichi Hagiuda)并没有透露普京拒绝接受日本送狗的原因。
Japan gave Mr Putin a female Akita called Yume in 2012. This dog was intended as a companion for her.
2012年，日本将一只名为“梦”的雌性秋田犬送给了普京。此次这只狗本来打算作为它的“新郎”。
Mr Hagiuda wrote in a blog post: "Unfortunately, we heard from our counterparts, and our hope to present a bridegroom was dashed."
生田光一在博客中写道说：“很不幸，从俄罗斯政府得到的消息，我们希望送上一位‘新郎’的梦想破灭了。”
If accepted, the gift would have been presented to the Russian president at a summit with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Japan next week.
如果俄罗斯接受了这一礼物的话，那么就将在下周普京和日本首相安倍晋三举行会晤时呈给普京。
Akitas originate from northern Japan.
秋田犬原产于日本北方。
Mr Putin also owns a male Bulgarian Shepherd called Buffy, which was given to him by the Bulgarian prime minister in 2010.
普京还有一只名为“巴菲”的雄性保加利亚牧羊犬，保加利亚总理2010年将其作为礼物送给了普京。
His Labrador, Konni, given to him as a gift by Sergey Shoigu, currently Russian defence minister, died in 2014.
现任俄罗斯国防部长的谢尔盖·绍伊古曾将一只拉布拉多犬“科尼”送给普京，但是这只狗在2014年的时候死了。
Mr Putin once brought Konni to a meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is scared of dogs. Some press reports at the time said he had done so to intimidate her. But earlier this year, Mr Putin told a German newspaper that he did not know about her fear.
普京曾经带着“科尼”去参加和德国总理默克尔的一场会议，而后者很怕狗。一些新闻报道称，普京此举是为了恐吓默克尔。但是今年年初，普京对一家德国报纸透露说，自己并不知道默克尔怕狗。
He said: "When I learned that she does not like dogs, I apologised, of course."
普京说道：“当然，当我知道她怕狗之后，我对她表达了歉意。”
阅读五
French far-right leader Marine Le Pen has called for an end to free education for foreign children.
法国右翼领导人勒普呼吁结束外国儿童免费教育。
In a speech in Paris, the National Front’s candidate in the 2017 presidential race next spring said she had nothing against foreigners.
在巴黎的一次演讲中，2017年总统竞选国民阵线候选人称，她并不抵触外国人。
"But I tell them: if you come to our country don’t expect to be taken care of, to be looked after, that your children will be educated without charge," she said.
她说：“但是我要告诉他们：如果你来到我们的国家，并不期待被照料，那么你的孩子可以获得免费教育。”
"No more playtime," she added.
她补充道：“再也不能儿戏了。”
Ms Le Pen is widely expected to be one of two candidates to reach the second and final round of the election in May.
人们普遍期望勒普女士成为五月第二轮和最后一轮总统选举的两名候选人之一。
Latest opinion polls suggest she is running neck-and-neck in polling for the first round with the centre-right candidate Francois Fillon.
最新民调显示，第一轮投票中，她和右翼候选人弗朗索瓦·菲永不相上下。
However, around two-thirds of voters would choose Mr Fillon over Ms Le Pen in the deciding round.
然后在决定环节，三分之二的选民选择朗索瓦先生而不是勒普女士。
Cutting immigration has long been a bedrock policy of the FN, and Ms Le Pen has campaigned hard to cut legal immigration dramatically to 10,000 a year and halt the right to family reunions.
一直以来，削减移民是右翼的基本政策，勒普女士一直努力将合法移民戏剧性地削减到每年一万人，并且终止家庭团聚的权利。
Education has also been a central theme for the far-right leader. In 2014, she spoke out against providing substitute meals for pork dinners in schools for Muslims and Jews.
教育一直是右翼领导人的中心议题。2014年，她反对在穆斯林和犹太人的学校为猪肉晚餐提供替代餐。
However under French law dating back to 1881, free primary education is a basic right for all children. The right to education is also a fundamental tenet of the European Convention on Human Rights.
然而，根据可以追溯到1881年的法国法律，免费义务教育是所有儿童的基本权利。受教育权也是《欧洲人权公约》的基本原则。
Since she took over the running of the FN from her father almost six years ago, she has worked hard to detoxify the party’s extremist image and attract mainstream voters.
自六年以前，她从父亲手中接管右翼后，她一直努力消除党派的极端形象，吸引主流选民。
Her presidential campaign bears no trace of the party name and features a blue rose, borrowing imagery from both left and right.
她的总统竞选没有党名痕迹，标志为蓝色玫瑰，借用左翼和右翼的形象。
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