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大学英语四级阅读理解 体育专题
做好阅读理解，就等于考好英语四级，离四级考试还有一个多月，同学们加油!
大学英语四级阅读理解 体育专题一
Sporting activities are essentially forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern foot-baller is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed.
They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.
Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use - that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.
The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against preys that were no longer essential to they survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten but there were other simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.
1. The author uses the example of the football game to tell us ____.
A) sporting activities are forms of biological developments
B) the difference between sports and hunting
C) the reason why man used to go in for hunting
D) sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting
2. In hunting what is equivalent to a goal-mouth in football match is ____.
A) a killing weapon
B) a hunting field
C) a prey
D) a member of a hunting group
3. According to the author, our ancestors survived as hunters for over a million years basically through their ____.
A) common sense
B) cooperation
C) farming knowledge
D) adventures
4. The world "activity"(Line 2, Para.5) refers to ____.
A) sporting activities
B) domesticating wild animals
C) growing crops
D) hunting
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
A) Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival.
B) It is farming that brings human into close contact with nature.
C) Sporting activities are vital to human existence because they excuse humans from risks and uncertainties.
D) It is farming that makes hunting completely out of date and unnecessary.
答案分析： 1. D) sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting对应原文第一句Sporting activities are essentially forms of hunting behavior.
2. C )a prey对应原文学His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.
3. B)cooperation对应原文They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters.
4. A)sporting activities. 出现地点：This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. 注意前一句Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity.
5. A)Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival为本文主旨.
参考译文： 追根溯源，体育运动是由狩猎活动演变而来的。从生物学的角度来讲，现代足球运动员实际上就相当于猎队中的成员，只是捕杀猎物的武器变成了没有杀伤力的足球，猎物变成了球门。如果球员射门准确，进球得分，便能享受到猎人成功捕杀猎物那一刻胜利的喜悦。
要理解狩猎活动是如何转变为体育运动的，我们必须简略地回顾一下祖先的生活方式。100多万年以来，我们的祖先以集体狩猎为生，慢慢繁衍。他们的生死正是取决于猎场上的成败。在如此大的生存压力之下，祖先们的整个生活方式，甚至生理结构都发生了极大的改变。
他们开始追逐、奔跑、跳跃、射击、投掷和屠宰。男人们组成猎队，运用猎术，合作狩猎。
为了食物而狩猎的漫长岁月过去之后，大约在1万年以前，祖先们开始从事牧业。对旧时狩猎生活至关重要的智力也得以提高，并派上了新的用场-驯养猎物。一时间，狩猎变得过时了。食物就在农场上，随需随取。风险不定的狩猎对生存不再是至关重要了。
但是，狩猎的技能和对狩猎的渴望仍然保留了下来，只是需要一些新的方式来满足这种渴望。于是现代运动代替了狩猎活动。这种新的活动涉及到古代狩猎的所有步骤，只不过活动的目的不再是为了充饥果腹，而是为了校验运动员们捕杀猎物的技能-这些猎物对他们的生存也不再必不可少。诚然，猎手会吃掉猎物，但他们有其它更为简便的方法获取美餐。
大学英语四级阅读理解 体育专题二
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’ s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is______.
A. not very high. B. high. C. contemptuous. D. critical.
2. The main idea of this passage is______.
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3. That the author mentions the old Romans is ______.
A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B. to give an example.
C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A. Three B. Five C. Six D. Seven.
5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ______.
A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.
答案解析：1. A. 不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛)，两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望――这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项――蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2. A. 法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)
B. 人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。
C. 对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3. D. 人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A. 把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。B. 给出一个例子。太抽象。C. 说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。
4. B. 5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5. A. 通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。
B. 通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。C. 我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。D. 去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。
参考译文：当你想到我们所取得的巨大的技术进步，它是惊人的，我们在其他方面的发展。我们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏的屠杀竞技场上。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些地方娱乐。我们可以原谅他们因为他们生活在2000年前，明明知道不好。但我们的感情的优越感真的有道理吗?我们少了血渴了吗?例如，为什么拳击比赛会吸引这样的普遍的兴趣呢?难道那些参加他们的观众希望他们会看到一些暴力吗?人类永远都是嗜血的。我们和罗马之间唯一的区别在于，他们坦率地承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人除了吃他们活着的时候，我们发现各种复杂的参数来捍卫体育早该制止的;体育很是野蛮的，说，公众或bearbaiting院子。
真是不可思议，在这个时代，我们仍然应该允许打猎、斗牛，那我们应该准备坐下来看两个人彼此面糊纸浆在拳击场，我们应该相对没有被看见的一个或多个赛车起火。让我们不要欺骗自己。任何关于“体育精神”的谈论都是纯粹的虚伪。人们参加暴力运动是因为他们给他们带来了很高的回报。观众愿意支付大笔的钱去看暴力。一个世界重量级冠军赛，例如，是头版新闻。数以百万的人失望，如果一个大的战斗是在两轮而不是十五。他们感到失望，因为他们被剥夺了目睹长期的酷刑和暴力的精致的快乐。
如果人们如此喜欢他们，我们为什么要禁止暴力运动呢?你可能会问。答案很简单：他们是不文明的。几个世纪以来，人类一直在努力提高自己的精神和情感上--诚然，几乎没有成功。但至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，或其他许多野蛮的做法在过去是很常见的鞭挞示众。监狱不再是他们过去的可怕的地方了。社会福利制度在世界许多地方都在运作。正在作出巨大的努力来分配财富公平。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，但由于采取了积极的步骤来改变法律。法律是社会变化最大的仪器我们也产生了重大影响。如果我们禁止危险和暴力的运动，我们将进一步改善人类。我们会认识到，暴力是有辱人格的，是不值得的。
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