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第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. Accept 【答案】D
2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. Taste 【答案】B
【解析】aptitude 天赋
have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. Destiny 【答案】C
4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. Sensible 【答案】C
5. They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. Active 【答案】A
【解析】A.deadly 致死的; B.open打开的; C.actual实在的; D.Active积极的。
mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的 题干：他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。
6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. Sum 【答案】C
7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. Correct 【答案】A
【解析】A.clear清楚的; B.necessary必要的; C.special特殊的; D.Correct正确的
transparent 明显的、显然的
题干：这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。
8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 【答案】C
【解析】stock exchange证券交易所 in turmoil处于混乱中
题干：证券交易所在一次大的抛售后处于混乱。
9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. Move 【答案】C
【解析】perish 死亡，枯萎
题干：他认为欧洲必须改变否则它就会死亡。 A.survive幸存; B.last持续; C.die死亡; D.Move移动。
10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build. A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. Public 【答案】C
11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C .equality D. Integration 【答案】D
【解析】assimilate同化、吸收 ---assimilation
题干：他们宣传民族同化，吸收进主流文化。 A.policy政策; B.value价值; C.equality同等; D.Integration组合。
12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. Legal 【答案】A
【解析】cardinal 主要的
cardinal rule 主要问题、基本原则
题干：销售人员的主要职责就是满足顾客。 A.principal主要的; B.official官方的; C.simple简单的; D.Legal合法的。
13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation A. silence B. praise C .assure D. Complain 【答案】B
【解析】compliment 赞扬，称赞 compliment sb on sth
题干：我必须称赞你，在一个非常困难的情况下处理好事情。 注意与complemen补充，区分开。 A.Silence安静;B.praise赞扬; C.assure确信;D.Complain抱怨
14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous 【答案】D
【解析】perpetual 永久的不断的
题干：我们常年一直处于害怕的状态。 A.emotional情感的; B.nervous紧张的'; C.terrible可怕的;
D.Continuous持续的、不断的。
15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.
A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. Pitiful 【答案】D
【解析】pathetic可怜的 sympathetic 同情的 sympathy
题干：这些挨饿的孩子真是很可怜。 A.common普遍的;
B.unexpected意想不到的; C.unforgettable难以忘记的; D.Pitiful 可怜的。
第2部分 阅读判断
Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen? Well,it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.
Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’thave supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.
“There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We‟re providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”
Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earth’s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen’srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gaveus the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’sconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.
Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highlydynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.
“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be agame changer.”
Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation’s Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.
Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson, of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.