英语试题

bec中级模拟英语试题

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2016bec中级模拟英语试题

  导语:BEC指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试。是剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试,考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力,被欧洲乃至全球众多教育机构、企业认可,将其作为入学考试或招聘录用的英语语言水平要求。小编在此整理BEC中级的模拟试题供大家学习哦

2016bec中级模拟英语试题

  BEC 中级模拟试题

  一.READING

  PART ONE

  Questions 1-7

  . Read these sentences and the following business index.

  . Which advisor each sentense (1-7) describe?

  . For each sentence mark one letter (A , B ,C ,D or E) on your Answer Sheet.

  Example

  The company invests a large sum of money in high technology.

  Answer: E

  1. It is engaged in the expansion of a telecommunications line.

  2. No other steel industries have such a high rating. .

  3. The company is the chief holder of a British company's shares.

  4. As much as forty million U. S. dollars are invested in Taiwan.

  5. It has business transactions with an American company.

  6. The company gets a very high interest rate from its stocks.

  7. Agreements were signed between two companies about technological cooperation.

  A. Telecom Asia Corporation Limited (Thailand )

  -It serves as international advisor in connection with the debt and equity financing for a US $3

  billion telephone line expansion project in Bangkok. (Current)

  B. Singapore Telecom international Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)

  - It acquires its 50/00 interest in Cambridge Holding Ltd. ,the controlling shareholder of

  Cambridge Cable Ltd. of the U. K. (6/1992)

  C. Pohang Iron 6 Steel Co. ,Ltd. (Korea) .

  In connection with its ratings with Standard & Poor's and Moody's investor Services. The

  company obtained the highest rating of any steei company in the world. (II/1991)

  D. Goldstar Co. ,Ltd. (Korea)

  In its investiment in ,and technology agreements with ,Zenith Electronics of the U. S. -the first

  transaction of this type in Korea. (2/1991 )

  E. Concord Venture Capital Co. , Ltd.(Taiwan) '

  -Structured ,marketed to investors and made a principal investment in the Fund with total equity of

  NT $ 940 million(US $ 40 million) to invest in Taiwanese high-technology venture capital

  opportunities. (I/1991)

  PART TWO

  Questions 8-1 2

  . Read this advertisement of a Canadian computer incorporation.

  . Choose the best sentence from the list A-I on page 5 to fill each of the blanks.

  . For each blank (8-12)mark one letter(A -I) on your Answer Sheet.

  . Do not mark any letter twice.

  . One answer has been given as an example.

  AST'S BRAVO FAMILY

  Our new and improved Bravo series of personal computers is designed to do calculations in a new

  way. . .. . ..example . . . . . . For example , the new Bravo MT has the same features of Intel's very fast Pentium 60MHz

  microprocessor. It's all the power you need to run an entire workgroup or the latest

  graphics-intensive programs, and processes even the most complicated mathematical calculations

  five times faster than the DX2/66. ...... . . 8...... . . It's perfect for the power user who demands high

  performance at an attractive price point.

  Also new from AST is our latest generation of Bravo LC desktops, a value line of energy efficient

  486 personal computers. Our entire Bravo LC family ,while still affordable, has new muscle--Intel

  486 microprocessors up to 100 MHz and a VESA Local Bus slot. Today, it's fast, tomorrow it

  could be even faster, if you choose to raise it to Intel's Pentium Over Drive processor. How about

  more performance in less space? The Bravo LP is a low profile 486 , loaded with award-winning

  engineering. ... ... 9 ... ... And the graphics RAM can be enlarged to ZMB for 64-bit processing.

  Our new Bravo NB notebook computers, recently named the number one of the 20 world's top

  notebook computers ,are some of our best examples of the Bravo family. ... ...10 ... ... It is

  particularly ideal for small businesses ,home offices ,and mobile users.

  With Bravo , there's something for everyone. Including high value , performance , and the most

  responsive around the-clock phone support anywhere. ... ... 11 ... ... By the way ,our 486 Bravos are all approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.... ...

  12... ...For an AST reseller near you ,please call 800 876- 4 AST.

  Example: C

  A. Would you expect anything from the world's fifth largest (and growing )personal computer

  company?

  B. In addition ,you'll find .yourself in the enjoyment of free maintenance and

  transportation.

  C. If you want speed, power, expandability, and dazzling graphics performance at a very

  affordable price, you'll find it in our Bravo personal computers.

  D. The MT also comes with two AL-slots for graphic upgrades and installed windows-based

  software solutions.

  E. So , you'll save energy , money ,and perhaps a few trees.

  F. For instance, innovative security features help you keep your most confidential work to yourself.

  G. As a result, you need a certificate issued by the Environment Protection Agency if you buy a

  personal computer.

  H. The Bravo NB4/33 is even thinner, lighter ,faster , and more affordable- using very little power

  with a longer battery life.

  I. Finally, the DX2/66 is inferior to our Bravo MT in speed, function and

  graphics performance.

  PART THREE

  Questions 13-20

  . Read this brochure about the Canadian city, Saint John, and answer questions 13 to 20 that

  follow.

  Canada's Most Cost-Effective City

  In today's business climate, every corporate decision is measured by one standard-how it

  influences bottom line. So for businesses in Saint John, New Brunswick , important decisions

  usually comes easier. The reason? Saint John is the country's most cost-effective city.

  Many Companies ,including major telemarketing operations ,are moving in to take advantage of

  substantially more competitive operating costs for human resources , workers' compensation,

  telecommunications and business convenience.

  1. In Saint John, city center rents run approximately one-third less than the national average.

  Downtown Class A office space ranges in price from the low to mid teens. Class B rents for much

  lower fees. Salaries cost an average of 23 percent less when compared to other major centers.

  These reduced costs and lower household expenses make for a winning combination where

  employers and employees both benefit. .

  2. From superhighways to future highways ,Saint John has it all. Leading-edge technology

  supplied by companies like NBTel will link your firm to the world. Combine this technology with

  low-cost telecommunications rates and round-the-clock service ,and you have three good reasons

  why national firms like Northern Telecom ,Canada Trust and Meditrust now call Saint John home.

  3. NBTel's Competitive telecommunications rates can help an employer realize annual savings of

  25 percent and more. Lower property and commercial taxes ,Canada's second lowest electric

  power rates, and no business of salary taxes make. Saint John an ideal cost-saving location. In

  recent comparative studies to detemine the least expensive city center, Saint John ranked number

  one compared to 27 U. S. cities.

  4. Saint John means profitability and good business sense. To help companies considering

  business expansion or relocation ,the newly created Greater Saint John Economic Development

  Commission is ready to take an active role in your evaluation process. General manager Steve

  Carson says the Commission's role is simple :We're

  here to make it easier to set up or expand a business in Saint John.

  Questions 13-16

  . For questions 13-1 6,choose the correct title for each paragraph from the box below.

  . For each paragraph (1-4)mark one letter (AG) on your Answer Sheet.

  . Do not mark any letter twice.

  13. Paragraph 1 ...... . ...... .

  14. Paragraph 2 ...... . ...... .

  15. Paragraph 3 ...... . ...... .

  16. Paragraph 4 ...... . ...... . A. Low living cost

  B. Good traffic and telecommunication services

  O. Sanit John's cheap rents

  D. Two classes of rents

  E. The number one expensive city center

  F. Encouragement for new business activities

  G. Good business sense

  Questions 17-20

  . Using the information in the text , complete each sentence 17-20 ,with a phrase from the list

  below (A -G) .

  . For each sentence (17 20) mark one letter (AG) on your Answer Sheet.

  . De not mark any letter twice.

  17. The task of Greater Saint John Economic Development Commission is to. . . . . .

  18. In Saint John, employees'wages. . . . . .

  19. There are a few reasons why national companies. . . . . .

  20. In Saint John ,New Brunswick it is easier than elsewhere for companies to. . . . . A. cost twenty-three percent less than other major centers

  B. make important decisions

  C. take advantage of human resources

  D. link your business to others all over the world

  E. determine the cheapest city center

  F. consider Saint John to be their home

  G. help set up or expand a business in this city

  PART FOUR

  Questions 21 -35

  . Read this advertisement.

  . Choose the best word to fill each gap.

  . For each question (21 35) mark one letter (A , B ,C ,D)on your Answer Sheet.

  . One answer has been given as an example.

  Too much to read! It's impossible to find time to read today's top business books-and thousands

  are published each year. Yet not keeping up with those books could be a serious-and expensive

  mistake. Often the ideas and insights they . . . . . . example. . . . . are available nowhere else. But

  how can you even. . . . . .21. . . . . . which titles are worthwhile-let alone find time to read them?

  Fortunately, there's a . . . .. .22. .. . . . : Soundview Executive Book Summaries. It really. . . . . .

  23.. . . . . In fact, it's . . . . . . 24. . . . . . to work. It is ingenious and essential. Every month,

  you . . . . . . 25. . . . . two or three quick reading, time saving . . . . . .26. . . .. . of the best new

  business books. Each contains all the key points in the . . . . . . 27. . . . . . book. The big

  difference ,instead of 200 to 500 pages ,the summary is only & pages. Instead of . . . . . . 28. . . . . .

  five ,ten or more hours to read ,it takes just 15 minutes.

  Of the thousands of business books . . . . . . 29. . . . . .annually, only a . . . . . . 30. . . . . .are really

  worth reading. To save your time, our Editorial Board goes over them all . . . . . . 31. . . . . .90%.

  Our standards are . . . . . . 32. . . . . .,and the criteria rigorous.

  When a book meets all our tests, we prepare a Summary, instead of a review or a digest. You get a

  skillful distillation that preserves the content ad spirit of the . . . . . . 33. . . . . .books. The titles

  cover every. . . . . . 34. . . . . .of concern to business people today. There's . . . . . . 35. . . . . .else like

  Soundview Executive Book Summaries.

  Example:

  A. express B. understand C. contain D. find

  Answer: C

        21 . A. see B. know C. ask D. answer

  22. A. answer B. solution C. question D. problem

  23. A. works B. costs C. sells D. buys

  24. A. guarded B. granted C. guided D. guaranteed

  25. A. pay B. send C. receive D. buy

  26. A. titles B. summaries C. names D. prices

  27. A. original B. first C. same D. another

  28. A. spending B. costing C. taking D. sitting

  29. A. publicized B. polished C. published D. popularized

  30. A. dozen B. little C. handful D. couple

  31. A. choosing B. eliminating C. writing D. publishing

  32. A. high B. low C. expensive D. cheap

  33. A. entire B. tired C. entering D. old

  34. A. word B. subject C. sentence D. idea

  35. A. something B. anything C. all D. nothing

  PART FIVE

  Section A

  Questions 36-40

  . Read this text about a Japanese company.

  . In most of the lines (36-40) there is one extra word which does not fit in. One or two line,

  however , are correct.

  . If the line is correct ,put a tick (√)in the space on your Answer Sheet.

  . If there is an extra word in the line, write that word in the space on your Answer Sheet.

  Example :

  For short distance, it uses its own' self airplanes. For international ...self...

  flights it calls on leading airlines including the Japanese Airlines. ... .. √.. . ..

  LUFTHANSE , WELCOME ON ABOARD

  It's only normal that a service-oriented company should look to other

  36. service companies as partners. The reputation for excellence of every each

  37. of DHL's partners strongly motivated its choice. To make that sure that

  38. everyone made the right choice ,they agreed to give their final answer

  39. after a two-year old trial period. Faster service ,better airport

  40. facilities; the benefits to the customers are clear. They will also grow up

  in the near future ,allowing customers to choose from so many services.

  PART FIVE

  section B

  Questions 41-45

  . A student has translated a piece of news in a Chinese newspaper back into English and asked you

  to check it.

  . In each line there is one wrong word.

  . For each numbered line (41-45) write the correct word in the space on your Answer Sheet.

  Example:

  They have selled their products in 20 countries. ... ...sold ... ..

  British farmers are troubled by straw. They produce more than

  41. ten millions tons every year as a byproduct of farming and

  42. their animals need only four million tons for bedding and fooding.

  43. Since European air-pollution laws forbid people to burnt straw,

  44. the extra straw is plowed under or leave to rot. Scientists have

  45. now found a way to put the straw to good using by changing a

  neat-loving bacterium in the straw.

  二.WRITING

  PART ONE

  Question 46

  You are going to spend holidays in Hawaii in June. Suddenly you received a letter from an

  important customer ,Mr. Elton Deland ,who will arrive on 25th June and discuss the claim. You

  have to delay the trip till July.Write a short message to Ms. Anne Folster, your secretary.

  . Explain Why you postpone your trip.

  . Mention the date when Mr Elton Deland will arrive.

  . Ask her to arrange your meeting.

  . Write 30-40words on your Answer Sheet.

  PART TWO

  Question 47

  You work for General ,a company which produces cars. You` are in charge of Product

  Development. Reed the following chart which shows the results of a survey between your

  company and Quaker, your main competitor. The chart does not tell the exact numbers but the

  exact ratings. A refers to Gener41 company ,while B refers to Quaker company.

  . Use the information in the chart to write a short report (about 100- 120 words) analyzing the reason why Quaker over benefits recently to increase your company's competitiveness.

  . Write on your Answer Sheet.

  A : General company

  B :Quaker company

  三.LISTENING

  PART ONE

  Questions 1-12.

  . You will hear three telephone conversations.

  . Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.

  Message One. Questions 1-4

  Telephone Message

  To : Mr(1) . . . . From: Mary

  Date : 21st May Time: 10 : 00

  1. Mr. Martin will arrive in Tokyo around

  2:30 Tokyo time on .(2). . . . . . afternoon

  by Flight Pan-Am (3). . . . .

  2. Mr. Martin , has moustache , tall ,

  dark , ( 4 ) . . . . . . hair , wears glasses, sweaters.

  Message Two. Questions 5- 8

  Message.

  To: Henry Stewart. . . . . From: Cathy

  Date : 23rd March Time : 10 : 20

  1. When you were out of town Bruce (5). . . . . called.

  He was from Quick (6). . . . . . Supply Company.

  2. He wanted to place (7). . . . . . orders with us.

  You can ring him on (8). . . . . . except Wednesday morning.

  Message Three. Question 9- 12

  Dinner Booking

  Wednesday

  Date : 29th Oct. Time : 11:20

  Name of the Customer: John Lee from National (9). . . . . . Import 6 Export

  Corporation . No. of the Customers : (10) . . . . . . Time for Dinner : around (11). . . . . . tomorrow evening . Miscellanea : Like to eat at an (12). . . . . . room

  PART TWO

  Questions 13-22

  Section One

  Questions 13-17

  . You will hear five short pieces.

  . For each piece decide what the speaker is going to do next.

  . Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the piece

  . You will hear the five pieces twice.

  13. . . . . . . . . .

  14. . . . . . . . . .

  l5. . . . . . . . . .

  16. . . . . . . . . .

  17. . . . . . . . . . Next Actions

  A to send a telex

  B to check a car

  C to run a store

  D to scan the ads

  E to drive a car

  F to read a magazine

  G to take a vocation

  H to buy clothes

  Section Two

  Questions 18-22

  . You wi71 hear another five short pieces.

  . For each piece decide what the speaker is talking about.

  . Write one letter (AH) next to the number of the piece.

  . You will hear the five pieces twice.

  18. . . . . . . . .

  19. . . . . . . . .

  20. . . . . . . . .

  21 .. . . . . . . .

  22. . . . . . . . . Objects

  A cloth

  B vitamins

  C medicine

  D picture

  E dress

  F medicine

  G silk

  H voice

  PART THREE

  Questions 23-30 .

  .You will hear a talk presented by a reporter. This talk is about various kinds of problems

  occurring during the east-west cooperation upon vehicles and machinery on the third market.

  . You have to complete the sentences (23- 30) by choosing the correct answer.

  . Mark one letter (A ,B or C).

  23. ECE refers to

  A European Committee of Economics.

  B European Commity of Economics.

  C Economic Committee of Europe.

  24. If you want to open the car market in different third-market areas ,you will meet

  A very different problems.

  B almost the same problems.

  C the similar problems.

  25. If a new machine is going to be delivered on the third-market ,modifications have to be made

  A in packaging features.

  B to minor extent.

  C to great extent.

  26. Can meet the changed specifications in time. - A Quick ordering . B Effective management

  C Long lead-time

  27. If you want to compete with other rivals on the third-market, you must

  A have close relations with the suppliers.

  B have close contact with the market.

  C keep close attention to your products.

  28. The chemical products under east-west cooperation must

  A adjust themselves quickly to the market.

  B be invented quickly to the manufacturers.

  C keep steady amount to the clients.

  29. In the turnkey plant area, has little experience.

  A eastern enterprise

  B western enterprise

  C local supplier

  30. has to be assessed in the third market place.

  A Package certificate

  B Package price

  C Package colour

  参考答案

  一. 阅读部分

  PART ONE

  1. A 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. D 6. B 7. D

  PART TWO

  8. D 9. F 10. H 11. A 12. E

  PART THREE

  13. C 14. B 15. A 16. F 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. B

  PART FOUR

  21. B 22. B 23.A 24. D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28. C 29.C

  30. C 31. B 32.A 33. A 34. B 35.D

  PART FIVE

  Section A

  36. every 是多余,应删掉.

  37. that 是多余,应删掉.

  38. 没有多余的词.

  39. 没有多余的词.

  40. up 是多余,应删掉.

  Section B

  41. millions 应改为 million

  42. fooding 应改为 food

  43. burnt 应改为 burn

  44. leaving 应改为 left

  45. using 应改为 use

  二.写作部分

  PART ONE

  Question 46

  (Sample for reference)

  To : Ms. Anne Folster, I have to delay my trip to Hawaii till July ,as Mr. Flton Deland will arrive

  in London on 25th June and discuss the claim face to face. Please arrange our meeting on 26th

  June.

  PART TWO

  Question 47

  (Sample for reference )

  After careful survey, we can see clearly from the chart that our cars have more models and colours

  than those of Quaker Company, our main competitor with higher quality. However, Quaker

  Company's income increases more quickly. What is the reason? First , Quaker Company spends

  much more money in advertising. I suggest we advertise on BTV, the most popular broadcasting

  station nowadays. Secondly , we should enlarge the scope of our after-sales service. We can open

  more service stations in many medium-sized cities. Thirdly ,if we have more money, We can hire

  more salesmen to sell cars directly to the customes, especially, more salesmen in medium-sized

  cities.

  三. 听力部分

  1. Davis 2. Monday 3. HI 83

  4. curly 5. Hanover 6. Office

  7. more 8. 081487001 9. Textiles

  10. 4 11. 6:30 12. isolated

  13. D 14. H 15. A

  16. E 17. B 18. G

  19. C 20. E 21. C

  22. F 23. C 24. A

  25. C 26. B 27. B

  28. A 29. B 30. C

  Tape script

  Part One. Questions 1 to 12.

  Message One. Questions 1 to 4.

  F1 : Hello. Could I speak to Mr. Davis's secretary please?

  F2 : Yes ,it's Mr Davis's secretary speaking. What can I do for youo.

  F1 : Oh hello , I'm Lucy, Mr. Martin's secretary. I want to check that you know Mr.Martin

  changed the flight and will arrive in Tokyo around 2 i 30 Tokyo time on Monday afternoon.

  F2 : I already know about it. Is it Pan-Am H1837

  F1 : Yes.

  F2 : Mr. Davis himself is going to meet Mr. Martin at the Airport himself. Could you tell me what

  he looks like?

  F1 : Well ,Mr. Martin has a moustache with dark ,curly hair.

  F2 : Does he wear glasses?

  F1 : Oh ,yes ,he does. And Mr. Martin is also tall. I remember he wears sweaters when he was

  aboard.

  F2: Thank you for your help.

  F1 : You 're welcome.

  Message Two. Questions 5 to 8.

  F1 : Hello. Mount Wood Company.

  M1 : May I speak to Mr. Harry Stewart, please?

  F1 : I'm sorry ,but Mr. Stewart is out of town until next Monday. De you want to leave a message?

  M1 : Oh, yes. I'm Bruce Hanover. I represent the Quick Office Supply Company.

  F1 : Is it B-R-U-C-E ,H-A-N-O-V-E-R?

  M1 : That's right. Last week your company purchased feeder paper for your word processors from

  us. Mr. Stewart seemed very satisfied. So I would like to see Mr.Stewart and try to convince him

  to place more orders with us. As we sell all kinds of stationary supplies at low prices and with

  prompt delivery.

  F1 : OK. I'll let Mr. Stewart know your calling when he come back.

  M1 : Thank you. And my contact number is 081487001. So Mr. Stewart may call me if he finds it

  convenient.

  F1 : 081487001

  M1 : That's right. By the way, I will not be in on Wednesday morning.

  F1 : I'll tell Mr. Stewart. Bye-bye.

  M1 : Thank you very much.

  Message Three. Questions 9 to 12.

  F1 : Hello, Edmund Hotel.

  M1 : Hello ,1'm John Lee of National Textiles Import and Export Corporation.

  F1 : What can I do for you?

  M1 : Well ,l would like to invite a customer of mine to a banquet tomorrow evening.

  F1 : How many people will there be?

  M1 : Four, two from our corporation and two Europeans.

  F1 : When do you want to start your banquet?

  M1 : Around 6:30.

  F1 : Do you have any special requirments?

  M1 : Yes, we do not want to be disturbed during dinner.

  F1 : OK. I'll arrange a quiet room for you.

  M1 : Thank you very much.

  F1 : You're welcome.

  Section Two. Questions 13 to 22.

  Section Two. Questions 13 to 17.

  Question Thirteen

  You see, we have to buy the food anyway, so why not find a more economical way to do it? I will

  read the newspaper to see if anything is on sale that we need. Since we have a fridge, we can buy

  some items and freeze them for later use.

  Question Fourteen

  I'm going to stay in New York for next week. During my stay, I'll be attending a few parties and

  social gatherings. Of course, I can't wear the same thing all the time. I need two new suits and

  garments for the evening.

  Question Fifteen

  I have made a reservation for a flight to New York for next week. And I have to pass on the details

  of this flight to my American friend so that he can book a room for me during my business visit.

  So could you tell me what time it is in New York?

  Question Sixteen

  Look at the rear-view mirror and the side-view mirror to make sure that no one is coming. You

  may turn your head to look back, too. Now the gauge on the dashboard says the engine is war, so

  you can put it into drive.

  Question Seventeen

  Winter will be here in no time, so we have to know that your radiator fluid can withstand freezing

  point. This gauge will tell us how low the temperature can go before your car's radiator fluid

  freezes.

  Section Two. Questions 18 to 22.

  Question Eighteen

  It's amazing to think that the thin thread from cocoons can be woven into such beautiful cloth.

  This kind of cloth is light and comfortable to wear. So it's often used to make pajamas, shirts, etc.

  We call it "the Cloth of Kings."

  Question Nineteen

  I think I can pick up some of these items on this Prescription List without your help. Let me

  see ,two bottles of aspirin ,a roll of adhesive tape ,and a box of Contac.

  Question Twenty

  Black might look too serious for young people of your age. Why don't you try this violet colour in

  large. You can use the dressing room over there to try it on, if you like. This style suits you.

  Question Twenty-one . Vitamin C is certainly one of the most important substances our bodies need. But it's not the only

  one we need. If you really need to supplement your regular diet ,I suggest you try one of these

  multivitamins.

  Question Twenty-two

  Only man has the power of speech, and all men have it. The power of speech is one of the most

  important possessions of the human race. It makes possible the exchange of ideas between men

  possible as well as the transmission of ideas from father to son.

  Part Three. Questions 23 to 30.

  Interviews conducted by members of the ECE, (Economic Committee of Europe) with

  enterprises engaged in third-market cooperation have identified several areas in which problems

  occurred. Many of these problems are characteristic of the particular industrial sector in which the

  cooperation takes place and cannot be generalized to supply to other sectors.

  When vehicles and machinery made under cooperation arrangements are launched on new

  markets, substantial modifications may have to be made in basic features. Such changes

  may be dictated by a lack of servicing facilities for the prescribed frequency of service for the

  standard model and an operating environment that is different form that prevailing in either of the

  partner's home markets. Since acceptance of the product in question by the client depends upon

  the manufacturer successfully satisfying his specifications, the partners must closely coordinate

  19

  their ordering procedures in such a way that these changed specifications are communicated in

  time to the manufacturing plants. If the producing enterprise has a long lead time as a result of

  internal planning procedures, it may find it difficult to make the necessary changes in the standard

  model during the time available, to the detriment of its relations with clients in the third market.

  Clearly, this is an area in which effective managerial techniques can prevent such problems from

  arising.

  Rapid fluctuations in demand are characteristic of the market for many of the chemical products

  manufactured under east-west cooperation arrangement. In order to respond to such shifts in

  demand, the supplying enterprise must remain in close touch with the market, either directly or

  through its western partner, in order to adjust its production schedules to take these shifts into

  account. Otherwise it may find itself with large inventories of unsaleable products while its

  partner may be in the difficult position of hastening to find4nalternativemarket for the amounts no

  longer required by the target market.

  In the turnkey-plant sector, partner enterpriese often discover that they derive totally different

  results from using the same local subcontractors. According to several western plant contractors

  interviewed, while the eastern partner obtained complete satisfaction from local suppliers, the

  western partner found little cooperation, forthcoming long delivery delays, and other shortcomings.

  This difference usually arises in the case of developing countries in which the western firm has no

  experience and the eastern enterprise may have been active for many years. Obviously in such

  cases it is recommended that the western firm rely on its partner's established links with local

  suppliers instead of attempting to deal with them on its own.

  Consumer goods make under cooperation arrangements and supplied to third markets often pass

  through a period of poor buyer acceptance, which is due to inappropriate or insufficient packaging.

  Since many branded consumer goods are distinguished from one another at the point of sale

  mainly by their packages ,the key to the successful introduction of a new product in a third market

  is correct assessement of consumer preferences. This assessment can best be carried out in the

  market-place by using up-to-date techniques for measuring buyer response to package shape,

  colour and presentation. Which partner should be responsible for conducting such testing, and

  who should pay for this costly exercise, should be decided well in advance of the decision to enter

  the market or to select the type of distribution network for the product in question

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