考研英语语法形式错误及纠错分析

　　1.破句

考研英语语法形式错误及纠错分析

　　破句又称为“片语”，也是写作中经常出现的错误之一。简单地说，破句就是断句，它在语义上是不完整的、在语法上是不正确的。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday.Trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday，trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　【例2】

　　误：Talking with an old friend usually reviving old memories.Such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　正：Talking with an old friend，one can usually revive old memories，such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　【例3】

　　误：The class often starts late.For example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　正：The class of ten starts late，for example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　【例4】

　　误：The whole area is honey combed by caves.Many of which are still unexplored.

　　正：The whole area is honey combed by caves，many of which are still unexplored.

　　【例5】

　　误：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage are given as decimal.

　　正：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.

　　2.融合句

　　所谓融合句，就是两个或两个以上的句子没有适当的'标点符号或连词而融合在一起。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.

　　正：The girl made the fire，and the boy cooked the steaks.

　　【例2】

　　误：There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.

　　正：There is no fool who is happy，and no wise man who is not.(世上没快乐的愚人，也没有不快乐的智者。)

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　　【例3】

　　误：The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.

　　正：The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.

　　【例4】

　　误：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it you may succeed.

　　正：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it，and you may succeed.

　　【例5】

　　误：Johnson decided to quit smoking.he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　正：Johnson decided to quit smoking，because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　3.悬垂修饰语

　　修饰语必须非常明确地修饰句子中的某一个词或某一组词。悬垂修饰是指修饰语与其逻辑主语之间产生意义上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，使修饰语处于悬浮状态，无处着落。非谓语动词或介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。如果句子的主语不能充当其逻辑主语，就得另加上逻辑主语，否则该非谓语动词或介词短语便是悬垂结构了。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：To discover the truth about happiness，questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　正：To discover the truth about happiness，we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　【例2】

　　误：When only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　正：When only a little girl，I was taken to New York by my father.

　　或：正：When I was only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　【例3】

　　误：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.

　　正：After sitting up half the night，I finished my term paper.

　　【例4】

　　误：Jogging slowly along the street，my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.