2017年成人学位英语阅读考试在线测试
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How to Escape a High-rise Building Fire
如何避免高层建筑火灾
Nowadays, buildings are being built higher and higher and mostly rely on external fire fighting protection. Moreover, smoke alarms and fire detectors seem to be a novelty in most residential buildings in China, which is why knowing how to react when you find yourself in an emergency is all the more important. So how does one escape a high-rise fire? This is a lesson that every urban citizen must learn.
目前，建筑正在建造越来越高，主要依靠外部消防保护。此外，烟雾报警器和火灾探测器似乎是在中国的大部分住宅新奇的事物，这就是为什么知道如何反应时，你发现自己在紧急情况下是更重要的。所以如何逃离高楼火灾?这是一个教训，每个城市的公民必须学习。
Checking for escape routes in a high-rise
检查在高楼逃生路线
According to current construction fire safety 'requirements, high-rise buildings each display a diagram showing a means of escape and this must be placed in a very visible location; many elevators have them posted inside as well. So if you find yourself in a high-rise building, you should first look around for a safe escape route. If the suggested route is impossible or too difficult, you must find an alternative route.
根据现行的建筑消防安全的要求，高层建筑都显示一个图表显示一个脱身，这必须放在一个非常明显的位置;许多电梯内张贴以及他们。如果你发现自己在一个高层建筑，你应该先看看一个安全的逃生路线。如果建议的路线是不可能的或太困难，你必须找到一个替代路线。
Every home must have a fire extinguisher, escape rope and other tools. In addition to knowing how to use these tools, pay particular attention to the expiration date of fire extinguishers to ensure they are still in working order. It's best to prepare several sets of smoke masks for each member in your home, because most people who die in fires are killed through smoke inhalation.
每个家庭都必须有一个灭火器，逃生绳和其他工具。除了要知道如何使用这些工具，特别注意灭火器的截止日期，以确保他们仍然在工作秩序。最好准备几套烟罩在你的家里的每个成员，因为大多数人在火灾中死去的人死于吸入浓烟。
General principles for escaping a high-rise building fire
高层建筑火灾逃生的一般原则
During a high-rise building fire, keeping a clear head is essential. A key ingredient to survival, regardless of whether it's a fire or any other disaster, is your mental attitude. Your chances of survival don't exclusively depend on your fire safety knowledge, but on how fast and well you react to the accident, First manage the stress caused by the fire and take control of it. Calmly observe your surrounding environment and the fire. Quickly assess the situation and make a logical decision. You absolutely must not hesitate to leave the scene or any of your belongings behind!
高层建筑发生火灾时，保持清醒的头脑是必要的。生存的一个关键成分，无论是火灾或其他灾难，是你的心态。你的生存机会，不要只依赖于你的消防安全知识，但对如何快速，你对这次事故的反应，首先应对压力引起的火灾并控制它。冷静地观察你周围的环境和火。快速评估形势，做出一个合理的决定。你必须毫不犹豫地离开现场，或你的任何东西!
If a gas leak is found, people's first reaction is to turn on the lights, but using electrical appliances could generate a spark that can cause an explosion. The correct approach is to open doors and windows for ventilation and call for help from somewhere else.
如果煤气泄漏被发现，人们的第一反应就是开灯，而是用电器会产生火花，引起爆炸。正确的做法是打开大门，并帮助其他地方通风和调用Windows。
When dealing with an oil or grease fire, your first reaction might be to use water to extinguish the flames. The correct approach is to use a lid or cover to deprive the fire of oxygen. In the case of an electrical fire, the correct approach is to first turn off the electrical power supply rather than trying to put out the f ire.
当处理一个油或油脂火，你的第一反应可能是用水来扑灭火焰。正确的方法是使用一个盖或罩剥夺火的氧气。在电气火灾的情况下，正确的做法是先关掉电源，而不是试图扑灭火灾。
It's especially important to remember that hiding under the bed or in the closet to escape the smoke and flames is an extremely bad idea. These are the most dangerous places to be in a fire, as it's hard for firefighters to find and rescue you. Also, do not use the elevators in an evacuation. The elevator shaft acts like a chimney and power outages easily occur, potentially putting you in a more dangerous position.
记住，躲在床下或在壁橱里逃避烟雾和火焰是一个非常糟糕的主意是特别重要的`。这些都是在火灾中最危险的地方，因为它是很难找到和消防队员救你。同时，不要使用电梯疏散。电梯的行为像一个烟囱和功率容易发生停电，可能会把你放在一个更危险的位置。
Using the balcony or window to escape
利用阳台或窗口逃生
If you are in your room and you learn of a fire in the building, first, before opening the door, touch the door knob to see if it is hot. Do not rush to open it. If you are located on a high floor and rescue isn't coming in time, you must not blindly jump from the window. You can either make use of the balcony for escape or use a rope: or make a rope out of. bed sheets, and tie to a solid heavy object such as the bed frame to escape. You can lower yourself to a drainpipe and try to slide down.
如果你在你的房间，你学会在建筑火灾，第一，在开门之前，触摸门把手看看它是热的。不要急于打开它。如果你位于高层救援不及时来了，你一定不能盲目从窗口跳下去。你可以利用阳台逃生或用一根绳子：或作了一根绳子。床单，并配合一个坚实的重物，如床框逃生。你可以把自己降低到排水管，试着滑下。
Using a wet towel to cover your mouth and keeping low
用湿毛巾捂住嘴和保持低
If there is a fire on the floor you are located on, run to the nearest emergency evacuation exit as quickly as possible; if there are fire doors they should be promptly closed. If the corridor is blocked or filled with smoke, you can wet a towel and fold it over your nose and mouth. If a wet towel is not available, a dry one will work as well. Do not walk upright. Crawling on the ground and staying as low as possible is the best way to avoid smoke inhalation.
如果你是位于地板上的火，跑到最近的紧急疏散出口尽快;如果有防火门应及时关闭。如果走廊堵塞或充满了烟雾，你可以湿毛巾，把它在你的鼻子和嘴。如果一个湿毛巾是不可用的，干燥的人会很好的工作。不正直的。地上爬并保持尽可能低的是避免吸入烟雾的最好方式。
Run up or run down, don't run the wrong way
跑上跑下来，错误的方式运行，不
In a fire situation, if the fire started above you, you should run downstairs. If it started below you, try to escape down via the fire escape. If the way is blocked, run upstairs to the roof for safety.
在火灾情况下，如果火开始在你面前，你应该跑下楼。如果它开始下面，试图逃避通过火灾逃生。如果这条路被封锁了，跑上楼到屋顶的安全。
In lower buildings you may try to jump
在较低的建筑，你可以试着跳
If living on the second floor, you may jump to escape, but as a very last resort. Before jumping, however, first throw some blankets, mattresses and other soft material to land on. When jumping you may jump with your hands covering your head and your body curled into a ball. When you touch the ground try to roll so as to minimize injury from the impact. If trapped above the third floor, do not jump unless it is an absolute last resort.
如果住在二楼，你可以逃跑，但最后一步棋。跳之前，然而，第一次把毛毯，床垫和其他软质材料的土地上。跳伞时可以用手盖上你的头，你的身体蜷缩成一个球跳。当你触摸地面试图推出以减少损伤的影响。如果被困在第三层以上，不跳，除非它是一个绝对的最后手段。
Finally, remember that the emergency number for reporting fire and calling the fire brigade is the same throughout China-119. Moreover, the number for medical assistance is 120. Don't forget them and stay safe!
最后，记住急救电话报告火灾和呼叫消防队是相同的在中国- 119。此外，医疗救助的人数是120。别忘了他们，保持安全!
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