2017英语专业四级写作技巧
引导语：为了帮助大家更好地准备英语专业四级考试，以下是百分网小编为大家整理的英语专四写作技巧，欢迎阅读!
技巧一、句子的一致性
句子的一致性：指句子结构完整，时态、语态，语气及句式的一致，举重个部分共同表达一个独立、完整的思想。句子各成分之间的关系应协调，连贯，自然平稳。
下面来看一下句子不统一的几种情况：
1)句子意思表达不完整
× The lecture was given in such an interersting way.
√ The lecture was given in such an inereresting way that everyone enjoyed it very much.
2)句子的主从关系模糊
× We are going to visit John, and he is our English friend.
√ We are going to visit John who is our English friend.
3) 连接词使用不当
× The main reason he was absent was because he was ill.
√ The main reason he was absent was that he was ill.
4) 主谓不一致
× Every teacher and student were invited to go to the party.
√ Every teacher and student was invited to go to the party.
5) 中心不明白
× I was watching a film last night, I suddenly found Mary sitting in front of me.
√ When I was watching a film last night, I suddenly found Mary sitting in front of me.
技巧二、句子的简练
句子的简练：累赘是写作常见的弊病之一。写作时应力求言简意赅，短小精悍。也就是说，在能说“走，天竺!”的时候千万不要说“你挑着担我骑着马迎来日出送走晚霞地去西天也就是天竺现在叫印度的地方如来佛祖那里取经到东土大唐来。”(咦?为什么大家都在吐?)众人：
那个……总之，能简洁就简洁便是了。下面来看几句例句。
繁琐 My little bother always disappears from view when it is time for dinner.
简洁 My little bother always disappears when it is time for dinner.
繁琐 The point I am trying to make is that practice makes perfect.
简洁 I believe that practice makes perfect.
繁琐 I am writing to call your attention to the fact that…
简洁 I am writing to remind you that…
练习：
下列句子中都很繁琐，请修改成简洁句。
1)There are several things which are interesting here.
2)It is encouraging and inspiring to note that sales which are reported right now have increased this month.
3)Another factor that adds to the persuasive power of this speech is the vivid example is gives.
参考答案：
1)There are several things which are interesting here.
Several things are interesting here.
2)It is encouraging and inspiring to note that sales which are reported right now have increased this month.
Sales have increased this month; the figures are encouraging.(特别说明一下，这句句子是商务英语写作的范畴，一般不用形式主语，不用从句，所以这里不要用it is + aj.句型。)
3)Another factor that adds to the persuasive power of this speech is the vivid example is gives.
The vivid example also makes the speech mor persuasive.
技巧三、句子的连贯性
句子的连贯性：指句子连接贯通，衔接自然。句子不论长短都应环环紧扣，符合语法、逻辑。请注意以下要点：
1)平行结构：把两个获两个以上意思相近或相对的、地位相当的成分已同意与发行是泛指在一起。其中以下三条规则须加以注意。
a)使用相同的语法来表达具有相同功能的句子成分，可运用并列连词and, but或or等。
× If you want to learn a foreign language well, you’d better try to think in it and speak it as much as possible.
√ If you want to learn a foreign language well, you’d better try to think in it and to speak it as much as possible.
b)正确使用相关连词，如both…and, not … but, not only … but also等。
× Wang Lan is not only clever but also she is helpful.
√ Wang Lan is not only clever but also helpful.
c)一个句子或段落中的人称、时态、语态要始终保持一致。
× One reason I like to go to school on foot is the physical exercise I get from it.
√ I like to go to school on foot I regard it as a kind of physical exercise.
2)代词一致：句中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致，或者与它所照应的名词词组在这些方面保持一致。如：
We each are responsible for our own jobs.
We are each responsible for his own jobs.
3)代词与先行词一致：写作时应弄清楚代词究竟指代哪个名词，否则意思不明确，造成模棱两可的感觉。如：
× The old woman told the little girl that she was wrong.
√ The old woman told the little girl,”I am wrong.”
√ The old woman told the little girl,”You are wrong.”
练习：
下列句子中都存在不连贯的问题，请修改并指出属于哪类情况。
1)He asked the policeman what had happened to him.
2)Not only he did make a promise, but he kept.
3)All are ready, isn’t it?
4)Listening to the wind and smell the fragrant of the lily, you will found that the summer is coming.
5)The most important reason I accept his advice is his knowledge of marketing I know from his words.
参考答案
1)He asked the policeman，“What happened to you?”
/ He asked the policeman，“What happened to me?”
代词与先行词不一致
2)Not only did he make a promise, but he kept.
连词使用不当(not only前置一定要用倒装句)
3)All are ready, aren't they?
代词不一致
4)Listening to the wind and smelling the fragrant of the lily, you will found that the summer is coming.结构不平行
5)I accept his advice because I know he is keen in marketing.
语态不一致
技巧四、句子的强调
句子的强调：强调能更有效地进行思想交流。写作者为使读者能更深入地了解自己的观点，有必要运用强调的手段。这就好比平时我们做笔记的时候，用荧光笔划出重点，为的就是能一目了然。那么写作的时候，也不要忘记在必要的地方使用一下highlight，让那些没有颜色的亮绿亮黄，一下子达到读者心里去。
常见的强调手段有如下几种：
1)句尾强调(End Emphasis)英语句子中通常将需要强调的部分置于句子末尾。
弱：He has achieved success, I believe.
强：He has, I believe, achieved success.
2)倒装语序(Inverted Order)运用点到正常语序的手法达到强调。
正常：I did not believe what she said for a moment.
倒装：Not for a moment did I believe what she said.
3)重复(Repetition)有意重复主要信息也可达到强调的目的。
…that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
练习：
请用相应的强调手段，改写下列句子。
1)I have never dreamed about it.
2)She was so angry that he could not speak.
3)He will be back, I’m sure.
4)If he is your best friend, he would help you.
参考答案:
1)I have never dreamed about it.
Never have I dreamed about it.
2)She was so angry that she could not speak.
So angry was she that she could not speak.
3)He will be back, I’m sure.
He will, I’m sure, be back.
4)If he is your best friend, he would help you.
Were he your best friend, he would help you.
技巧五、写作修辞
修辞，即调整、修饰文字词句，是写作、说话的一门艺术，对写作者的语言掌握有较高的要求。
以前有个童话，国王问公主：“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答：“敬爱的父王，您在我心目中就像盐一样。”国王勃然大怒，把公主赶出了他的.国家。故事的经过我忘记了，总之最后，公主用一顿不加盐的菜肴终于使国王懂得，看似微不足道的盐，在我们的生活中扮演的却是多么重要的角色。
修辞就像盐：用得好，会使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏，语言就会平淡乏味，缺少美感。调味恰当，青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
常见的修辞手段有如下几种：
A. 明喻(Simile)
—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years’s pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)
C. 拟人(Personification)
—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)
D. 夸张(Exaggeration)
—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?
修辞，即调整、修饰文字词句，是写作、说话的一门艺术，对写作者的语言掌握有较高的要求。
以前有个童话，国王问公主：“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答：“敬爱的父王，您在我心目中就像盐一样。”国王勃然大怒，把公主赶出了他的国家。故事的经过我忘记了，总之最后，公主用一顿不加盐的菜肴终于使国王懂得，看似微不足道的盐，在我们的生活中扮演的却是多么重要的角色。
修辞就像盐：用得好，会使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏，语言就会平淡乏味，缺少美感。调味恰当，青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
上次介绍了几种常见的修辞手段，还有如下几种：
F. 排比(Parallelism)
—— …the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.(Martin Luther King)
G. 倒装(Anastrophe)
—— Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.)
H. 反复(Reiteration)
—— And she forgot the stars, the moon, and the sun,
And she forgot the blue above the trees,
And she forgot the dells where waters run,
And she forgot the chilly autumn breeze…(J. Keeds)
I. 反问(Rhetorical Question)
—— What is student life like on “The Farm”?
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