2017年托福考试阅读题目详细解析
导语：这是一份关于托福考试的阅读题目的解析，一般来说题目都是有难度的，这个时候不仅考验我们的细心程度，还有考核我们对单词的熟悉程度。
【待插入句子】Since this purpose is limited to the context of the ritual, the paintings are destroyed when the ritual is completed.
【待插入段落】The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first century. At the same time, they have retained some traditional cultural practices that are associated with particular art forms. For example, the most important traditional Navajo rituals include the production of large floor paintings. These are actually made by pouring thin, finely controlled streams of colored sands or pulverized vegetable and mineral substances, pollen, and flowers in precise patterns on the ground. The largest of these paintings may be up to 5.5 meters in diameter and cover the entire floor of a room. Working from the inside of the design outward, the Navajo artist and his assistants will sift the black, white, bluish-gray, orange, and red materials through their fingers to create the finely detailed imagery. [■] The paintings and chants used in the ceremonies are directed by well-trained artists and singers who enlist the aid of spirits who are impersonated by masked performers. [■] The twenty-four known Navajo chants can be represented by up to 500 sand paintings. [■] These complex paintings serve as memory aids to guide the singers during the performance of the ritual songs, which can last up to nine days. [■]
1. 正确选项为：D。 这题有点小难度，我们来看看：
2.看到待插入句子，首先看到since，但这句话本身已经包含了因果关系，前因后果，所以这个是句内逻辑，起不到作用。其次关注的是this purpose，既然有代词指代，那前面一定出现过某个purpose;而且前一句话的主角一定是the paintings。
因为这个目的.被限制于宗教仪式(ritual)的背景(context)之下，这些绘画(thepaintings,注意定冠词the，不是专有名词的话就表示特指，所以前面应该出现过paintings)被毁坏，当ritual结束之后。
3. 看待插入段落的句子：1st,Navajo住在小的分散的聚居地( scattered settlement)。 2nd, 在许多方面，他们的生活和其他族群相似(略过了such as… 和that...定语从句修饰groups的部分)。 3rd,同时，他们保留了一些传统的行为，这些行为和特定的艺术形式有关。(整个段落从这里分开，前面讲的是整体的介绍，后面讲具体的例子。) 4th, For example，大型地板画的制作。5th, 他们是这么被制造出来的…(省略by...后面具体的操作步骤——有些像沙画)。 6th,最大的paintings特别大(直径长+充满整个房间地板)。7th,设计从内往外，Navajo画家(删掉assistants)会把各种颜色的材料从手指筛出来，为了创造精细的(finely detailed)图像。8th, 这些(用在仪式中的)画和歌谣(chants) 是由良好训练的画家和歌手编导的，(who...他们寻求神灵的帮助，who...神灵由戴面具的表演者扮演)。 9th, 24首知名的歌谣可以由多达500幅沙画来象征。 10th, 这些复杂的画serve用来as作为记忆辅助(during...在宗教歌曲的表演中，to guide...去指引歌手们，which...仪式可以持续9天)。
这一段共10句话，看起来很复杂，而且很多同学看到这些历史题材，觉得自己不熟悉背景知识然后没法看了。大家首先要淡定，不能怕。因为基本上你需要的信息全都在段落中了，而且，你要学会给段落分层!分层之后就会变简单。前面3句讲整体，后面7句举例子。举例子集中在说明floor paintings和chants这两种艺术形式。它们的关系要搞懂——paintings帮助chants的记忆。搞懂这部分那整个段落就很清楚了。
给定的句子说的是painting有某种purpose，宗教仪式ritual完成之后就要被毁掉。分析清楚了上面的段落，很清楚应该放在最后一个框。跟前面的serve as memory aids对应起来。
生词积累
scattered settlements 分散的定居地
In many respects 在许多方面
retained 维持;maintain
enlist the aid 需求帮助
serve as 被当作...
ritual 宗教仪式
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