PHP中trait的使用方法
PHP中使用trait关键字是为了解决一个类既想集成基类的属性和方法,下面是小编为大家整理的PHP中trait的使用方法,欢迎参考~
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | trait Drive { public $carName = 'trait'; public function driving() { echo "driving {$this->carName}
"; } } class Person { public function eat() { echo "eat
"; } } class Student extends Person { use Drive; public function study() { echo "study
"; } } $student = new Student(); $student->study(); $student->eat(); $student->driving(); ?> |
输出结果如下:
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1 2 3 | study eat driving trait |
上面的例子中,Student类通过继承Person,有了eat方法,通过组合Drive,有了driving方法和属性carName。
如果Trait、基类和本类中都存在某个同名的属性或者方法,最终会保留哪一个呢?
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | trait Drive { public function hello() { echo "hello drive
"; } public function driving() { echo "driving from drive
"; } } class Person { public function hello() { echo "hello person
"; } public function driving() { echo "driving from person
"; } } class Student extends Person { use Drive; public function hello() { echo "hello student
"; } } $student = new Student(); $student->hello(); $student->driving(); ?> |
输出结果如下:
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1 2 | hello student driving from drive |
因此得出结论:当方法或属性同名时,当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait的 方法,而 trait 的方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。
如果要组合多个Trait,通过逗号分隔 Trait名称:
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1 | use Trait1, Trait2; |
如果多个Trait中包含同名方法或者属性时,会怎样呢?答案是当组合的多个Trait包含同名属性或者方法时,需要明确声明解决冲突,否则会产生一个致命错误。
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | trait Trait1 { public function hello() { echo "Trait1::hello
"; } public function hi() { echo "Trait1::hi
"; } } trait Trait2 { public function hello() { echo "Trait2::hello
"; } public function hi() { echo "Trait2::hi
"; } } class Class1 { use Trait1, Trait2; } ?> |
输出结果如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
PHP Fatal error: Trait method hello has not been applied, because there are collisions with other trait methods on Class1 in ~/php54/trait_3.php on line 20
使用insteadof和as操作符来解决冲突,insteadof是使用某个方法替代另一个,而as是给方法取一个别名,具体用法请看代码:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 | trait Trait1 { public function hello() { echo "Trait1::hello
"; } public function hi() { echo "Trait1::hi
"; } } trait Trait2 { public function hello() { echo "Trait2::hello
"; } public function hi() { echo "Trait2::hi
"; } } class Class1 { use Trait1, Trait2 { Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1; Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2; } } class Class2 { use Trait1, Trait2 { Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1; Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2; Trait2::hi as hei; Trait1::hello as hehe; } } $Obj1 = new Class1(); $Obj1->hello(); $Obj1->hi(); echo "
"; $Obj2 = new Class2(); $Obj2->hello(); $Obj2->hi(); $Obj2->hei(); $Obj2->hehe(); ?> |
输出结果如下:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Trait2::hello Trait1::hi Trait2::hello Trait1::hi Trait2::hi Trait1::hello |
as关键词还有另外一个用途,那就是修改方法的访问控制:
Trait 也能组合Trait,Trait中支持抽象方法、静态属性及静态方法,测试代码如下:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | trait Hello { public function sayHello() { echo "Hello
"; } } trait World { use Hello; public function sayWorld() { echo "World
"; } abstract public function getWorld(); public function inc() { static $c = 0; $c = $c + 1; echo "$c
"; } public static function doSomething() { echo "Doing something
"; } } class HelloWorld { use World; public function getWorld() { return 'get World'; } } $Obj = new HelloWorld(); $Obj->sayHello(); $Obj->sayWorld(); echo $Obj->getWorld() . "
"; HelloWorld::doSomething(); $Obj->inc(); $Obj->inc(); ?> |
输出结果如下:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 | Hello World get World Doing something 1 2 |
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