2016下半年教师资格证考试高中英语真题及答案
教师资格是国家对专门从事教育教学工作人员最基本的要求。教师资格制度是国家对教师实行的一种特定的职业许可制度。以下是小编精心整理的下半年教师资格证考试高中英语真题及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。请用28铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Which of the following shows the proper rhythmical pattern of the sentence?
2. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are__________.
A. affricates
B. fricatives
C. bilabial
D. oral stops
3. The producers of oil and other __________ commodities have an advantage.
A. fragile
B. nonperishable
C. waterproofed
D. stainless
4. Being__________ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday.
A. economic
B. economical
C. economics
D. economies
5. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables__________ the black market.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. for
6. --I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--Not at all.__________.
A. I've no time
B. I'd like it
C. I'd rather not
D. I'd be happy to
7. Can you imagine the difficulty I had __________ language obstacles I first studied abroad?
A. to overcome
B. overcoming
C. overcome
D. overcame
8.__________your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.
A. If it were not for
B. Had it not been for
C. Were it not for
D. If it has not been for
9. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says,“”.
A. This way, please
B. Come here
C. Follow me
D. Move on
10. The relationship between "furniture" and "desk" is__________.
A. hyponymy
B. antonymy
C. synonymy
D. homonymy
11. The core concept of the New Curriculum is __________.
A. promoting the professional teachers' development
B. letting the students choose the course independently
C. advocating the constructivist learning
D. for every student's development
12. Which of the following belongs to the communicative approach?
A. Focus on accuracy.
B. Focus on fluency.
C. Focus on strategies.
D. Focus on comprehension.
13. In a pre-listening activity, students need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word. The aim of this activity is to develop the skill of__________.
A. listening for specific information
B. listening for gist
C. listening for structure
D. listening for vocabulary
14. Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?
A. Defining.
B. Using real objects.
C. Writing a passage by using new words.
D. Giving explanations.
15. When teachers teach pronunciation to students, which suggestion is useless?
A. Use hands and arms to conduct choral pronunciation practice.
B. Move around the classroom when doing choral practice.
C. Try to use visual aids.
D. Rely on explanations.
16. What can cloze help to train in terms of writing?
A. Unity of texts.
B. Indention of texts.
C. Compilation of texts.
D. Use of cohesive devices.
17. What stage can the following grammar activity be used at?
The teacher asked students to arrange the words of sentences into different columns raarked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.
A. Presentation.
B. Practice.
C. Production.
D. Preparation.
18. When a student said "Yesterday I goed to see a friend of mine", which of the following ways for correcting errors is not encouraged?
A. Oh, yes. I see you went to see a friend of yours.
B. You goed to see your friend?
C. No, not goed. You should say went.
D. Say it again, please.
19. The teacher gives students 2 minutes to skim a text, and when time is up, he asks students to stop and answer some questions. Here the teacher is playing the role of a (an)__________.
A. assessor
B. prompter
C. participant
D. controller
20. When students engaged in group work, the teacher gave feedback after each group had stated their opinion and shown their output. This is called__________.
A. instructing
B. observing
C. monitoring
D. evaluating
请阅读Passage l，完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
Crash. Shatter. Boom. Crash. Shatter. Boom. Smattering of silly dialogue. Pretty girl screams:
"Dad! " Crash. Shatter. Boom. Silly dialogue. "DAD!!! " Crash. Shatter. Boom.
What? Oh, sorry. We were falling into a trance there.
Which is, dear moviegoer, what may happen to you during Michael Bay's Transformers: Age of Extinction, the fourth Transformers film and lasts 165 minutes, which is precariously close to the three-hour mark that Bay undoubtedly will reach--by our sophisticated calculations, and at the current growth rate, with his sixth installment.
But let's not get ahead of ourselves. Despite what you've just read, this film will likely be a massive hit because by now, if you're buying a Transformers ticket, you surely know what you're getting into, and you want more, more, more. And Bay is the Master of More.
Or just take it from the l 1-year-old sitting next to me, who reserved any audible judgment--he, too was in a trance, though maybe from sugar intake--until the moment he saw a Transformer become a dinosaur. Overwhelmed by the pairing, he proclaimed, "That's the sickest thing I've ever seen in my life." It was as if peanut butter and jelly had been tasted together for the first time.
This time, there's a whole new human cast. Most important, Mark Wahlberg has replaced Shia LaBeouf as well, Main Human Guy.
A significant part of the movie also takes place in China--clearly a nod to the franchise's huge market in the country.
In any case, we begin in Paris, Texas, where Cade Yeager (Wahlberg), a struggling inventor, is desperately seeking a big discovery. He's also a widowed dad, and super-protective (as the movie incessantly reminds us) of his high-school daughter, Tessa (Nicola Peltz, blond and pretty and ineffective, though the one-note script does her no favours).
One day, Cade buys a rusty old truck. Examining it back home, he soon discovers it's none other than Optimus Prime, the Autobot hero, seriously damaged.
As Cade works on fixing him up, his assistant, wisecracking surfer-dude Lucas, has the dumb idea of calling the authorities. What he doesn't know is that the government is plotting to destroy all remaining Autobots in favour of a man-made army of Transformers. He's being helped in this endeavour by the shadowy KSI Corporation, run by the nasty-but-complicated Joshua Joyce (Stanley Tucci).
So now, it's evil humans that pitted against the trustworthy Autobots. So much for gratitude.
There's also a subplot involving Tessa and her secret boyfriend, Shane (Jack Reynor, underused),whose Irish accent leads Cade to dismissively call him "Lucky Charms"--at least until the two bond in battle.
The obvious question: Is it too much for its own good? Bay is very talented at all things visual,the 3-13 works well and the robots look great. But the final confrontation alone lasts close to an hour. At some point, you may find yourself simply in a daze, unable to absorb any further action into your brain.
21. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. The girl can't understand the movie she was seeing.
B. The girl felt scared about the movie she was seeing.
C. The movie the girl seeing was very thrilling.
D. The girl couldn't find her father.
22. What does the word "trance" (Para. 2) mean?
A. Unconsciousness.
B. Fascination.
C. Scare.
D. Confusion.
23. What did the author mean by saying "... and you want more, more, more. And Bay is the Master of More." (Para. 4)?
A. The audiences are hard to satisfy.
B. Bay is good at producing massive hit.
C. Only Bay can bring audience massive hit.
D. Bay knows about the audience's mind.
24. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The audiences don't like the final confrontation.
B. The disadvantages of Transformers 4 are more obvious than advantages.
C. Putting into too much what the director skilled poses negative effect.
D. The director Bay only focuses on the 3-D works.
25. Which of the following statement is wrong?
A. The sixth Transformer may last for 3 hours.
B. The government in the movie wants to set up a man-made army of Transformers.
C. In the movie, KSI Corporation stands by the government.
D. Joshua Joyce has reported the news about Autobot hero to the government.
请阅读Passage 2，完成第26～30小题。
Passage 2
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
26. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.
C. We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.
D. Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
27. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because__________.
A. the medical profession is based on trust
B. there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine
C. the medical profession depends on the government
D. cheating exists extensively in medical schools
28. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
A. Family, culture and society play an active part.
B. Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
C. Parents are always to blame for their children's cheating behaviour.
D. Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
29. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
A. Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B. Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C. Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D. There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.
30. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?
A. Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce
competition.
B. Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
C. Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
D. Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.
二、简答题(本大题1小题，20分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。
31.简述语法教学中演绎法和归纳法的教学过程及其优缺点。
三、教学情境分析题(本大题1小题，30分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
32.下面是某教师的课堂教学片段：
T: What did your mum do yesterday, Wang Lin?
S: My mum buyed the dress for me.
T: Oh, that is nice. Your mum bought it for you, did she?
S: Yes.
T: Where did she buy it?
S: She buyed it in town.
T: Oh, she bought it in town for you. Well, it is very nice.
请根据所给材料回答下列三个问题。
(1)学生在对话中的语言错误是什么?(6分)
(2)该教师采用什么方式来纠正学生的错误?效果如何?(12分)
(3)教师还可以采用哪些方式纠错?请举例说明。(12分)
四、教学设计题(本大题1小题，40分)
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。
33.设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材.设计一个25分钟的阅读训练活动。
教案没有固定格式.但须包含下列要点：
teaching objectives
teaching contents
key and difficult points
major steps and time allocation
activities and justifications
教学时间：25分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
The Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, above five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?
American Amy: Yes, I'd like to come up to your apartment.
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first, the English language spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to speak in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also 'spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
真题答案及解析：
一、单项选择题
1.【答案】A。解析：考查句子重读。一般来说，句子中的实词需要重读，比如名词、主要动词(不包括be动词)、形容词、副词、数词等。虚词多数情况下不重读，比如代词、介词、冠词、连词等。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上，像本句中的expensive就是这种情况。
2.【答案】D。解析：考查辅音的分类。根据发音方式不同，英语的辅音可以分为：塞音(stop)、鼻音(nasal)、擦音(fricative)、近音(approximant)、边音(lateral)、塞擦音(affricate)等。[p]，[b]，[tl，[d]，[k],[g]属于气息非常强烈的通过口腔的爆破音，也称作塞音。
3.【答案】C。解析：考查形容词辨析。fragile“易碎的”，stainless“不锈的，无瑕疵的”，nonperishable“不易坏的”，waterproofed“防水的.不透水的”。句意为“产石油和其他不易坏物品的生产商有优势”。故选C。
4.【答案】B。解析：考查形近词辨析。economics意为“经济学”，economies意为“经济”，economic意为“经济上的”，economical意为“节俭的，合算的.经济的”。根据句意“由于节俭，她设法存够了度假的钱”可知选B。
5.【答案】A。解析：考查介词搭配。on the market意为“上市，出售中”，句意为“农夫们被允许在自己的菜园耕种.并将蔬菜拿到黑市上去卖”。
6.【答案】D。解析：考查交际用语。根据句意，可将此对话翻译为“——我将要出差了，你介意帮我照顾我的猫吗?——一点也不介意，我很乐意”。故选D。
7.【答案】B。解析：考查惯用搭配。have difficulty(in)doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，the difficulty I had over—coming language obstacles在整个句子中作宾语.I had overcoming language obstacles是省略了关系代词that的定语从句.关系代词在句中充当宾语。故选B。
8.【答案】B。解析：考查虚拟语气。本题是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，如果省略if，句子要倒装，倒装时要将助动词提前.故选B。
9.【答案】A。解析：该题考查在具体语境中恰当得体运用语言的能力。导游为外宾带路时，较为礼貌和合适的说法应该是“This way，please.”。故选A。
10.【答案IA。解析：考查语义学中的涵义关系。“hyponymy”指“上下义关系”，“antonymy”指“反义关系”，synonymy指“同义关系”，“homonymy"指“同音/形异义”。“家具”和“桌子”的关系属于上下义关系。fumiture是desk的上义词(superordinate)，desk是furniture的下义词(hyponym)。故选A。
11.【答案】D。解析：考查新课标内容。新课标的主要核心内容是为了学生的一切发展。故选D。
12.【答案】B。解析：考查交际法相关知识。交际法注重语言的流利性，故选B。
13.【答案】B。解析：考查听力教学。在听前活动中，学生需要学会应对听力过程中模糊不清的内容，并且需要意识到当他们不能完全理解每一个单词的时候仍然可以学习。这属于培养学生听主旨的能力，A为听细节.B为听主旨，C为听结构，D为听词汇。故选B。
14.【答案】C。解析：考查词汇教学。呈现新词汇的方法可以是下定义、实物展示、解释等。四个选项中只有C项不合适。
15.【答案】D。解析：考查语音教学。当教师在教学生发音的时候，不可以依赖于解释。
16.【答案】D。解析：考查写作教学。在写作方面，完形填空能帮助学生掌握cohesive device"衔接手段”的使用。
17.【答案】B。解析：考查语法教学内容。做句子成分分析常用于语法练习阶段。故选B。
18.【答案】C。解析：考查纠错方式。C项直接指出学生错误，容易打击学生的自信心。A项是重述法，B项是强调暗示法，D项是重复法，都是对学生错误的一种含蓄的纠正。
19.【答案】D。解析：考查课堂管理中教师的角色。教师是课堂教学的调控者(controller)、促进者(prompter)、参与者(panicipant)、组织者(organizer)、评估者(assessor)、资源提供者(resource.provider)。此处体现的是教师在课堂上的调控能力.故选D。
20.【答案】D。解析：考查评价行为的概念。教师在每组陈述完观点后，给出自己的评价和反馈信息，这是评价为(evaluating)。
Passage l
21.【答案】C：解析：联系下文可知，本文的主题是电影《变形金刚4》，第一段讲到，接连不断的爆裂声、粉碎声、轰隆声撕裂着最简单的对白。小姑娘狂呼“爸爸!”由此推知，这部电影场面宏大，效果抢眼，非常震撼人心。
22.【答案】B。解析：文章第一段讲到一个女孩观看《变形金刚4》时异常激动，不断呼喊“爸爸!”可见，她对该部电影非常着迷，“We were fal]ing into a trance there.”即“只因此刻我们太入迷了。”B项fascination意为“着迷，入迷”.与trance意思一致，因而可代替trance。
23.【答案】B。解析：要推断该句的意思，关键是要理解其中more代替的是什么，根据该句中的“this film will likely be a inassive hit可知.more相当于“more hit”，那么“And Bav is the Master ofMore.”意为“迈克尔·贝是能够创造这些震撼的一位大师。”选项中，B项“迈克尔.贝擅长制造巨大的震撼”。符合原文文意，且作者在文中多次提到影片震撼人心的效果.可见，他意在肯定该部影片导演的实力。
24.【答案】C。解析：文章最后一段开头讲到“，nle obvious question：Is it too much for its own good?”。即有个问题显而易见：是不是在自己的优势方面费时过多?接着展开来讲，影片最后的对峙持续了有将近一个小时，虽然场面宏大，效果震撼。但持续时间太长，以至于观众到最后感觉眼花缭乱，再也看不下去。该段中心句是第一句，也就是导演在自己擅长的方面投入太多。进而产生了负面影响。C项正确。
25.【答案】D。解析：A项意为“《变形金刚6》可能会持续3小时”，这与文章第三段部分内容相对应，故正确;B项意为“影片中.政府想要打造人造变形金刚部队。”这与第十一段中“What he doesn’t know is that the govelllment is plotting to destrov all remaining Autobots in favonr of a man.made army of Transformers.”部分内容对应：C选项意为“影片中，KSI公司支持政府的行动”.这与第十一段中“He’s being helped in this endeavour by the shadowy KSI Corporation”相对应：D项意为“约书亚.乔伊斯向政府报告了擎天柱的消息”，文中并未提到，故不正确。
Passage 2
26.【答案】D。解析：根据文章第一段第二句“…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent ofthis phe.nomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…”可知，到目前为止，我们还不是很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了该如何对此类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的数据是不充足的，那么选项A、B、C所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。故选D。
27.【答案】A。解析：作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人、同事和政府的事情。因此.医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。B项说的是打击作弊行为的结果.而不是原因。C项“医学依靠政府”.D项“医学院中作弊行为普遍存在”.都不符合文章内容。
28.【答案】A。解析：作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在的原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭、社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项A的内容。选项B、C、D的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境、家长的教育、电视的影响，虽然都起到一定作用.但是都不能说是决定性的。
29.【答案】C。解析：A项“医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候.作者用的是虚拟语气“if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance”.即如果能有可靠的标准.能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说“Medical schools…cannot be expected to reinedy all the ills of a society.”。D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高。而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说.医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感.故选C。
30.【答案】C。解析：C项和文章最后一段的“The development of a school’s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing”相呼应。A项不正确.因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。B项的叙述不准确.因为作者的本意是医学界的杰出人物应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。D项不正确，作者仅提议医学院对违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决、公正、透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。
二、简答题
31.【参考答案】
采用演绎法教授语法，教师首先直接讲解语法规则并举例说明，然后让学生进行各种替换练习、句子练习等训练。这种教学方式讲解清楚，易于理解。比较适合具有强烈学习动机的学习者。但是在这种方式下，学生对教师的依赖性比较强，学到的语言知识也容易遗忘。演绎法注重形式而非使用，学生处于被动学习的状态。采用归纳法教授语法.教师让学生首先接触含有语法规则的语境.然后根据上下文的信息归纳出语法规则。这种方法可以增加学生和语言的接触，有助于激发学生的参与。使学生理解语法所适用的语境、所表达的含义以及所承载的功能，分析归纳总结语言使用规律，深化学生对用法的理解，有助于学生分析能力和注意力的培养。但是使用归纳法教授语法，对学生和教师的要求都很高，学生必须能够主动学习，愿意动脑筋，否则会对规则的印象不深.难以巩固。
三、教学情境分析题
32.【参考答案】
(1)该学生犯了13语语法错误，用错了动词过去式的形式。即My mum buyed the dress for me.buyed→bought，She buyed it in town.buyed→bought。
(2)该教师采用了重述法(Recasts)来纠正学生的错误。教师对学生语言表达中的错误进行了含蓄纠正。即先进行部分肯定之后用正确的语言重述学生的表达，不指出错误，而通过不同的语气(如反问)、语调、眼神、动作等，让学生自己意识到自己的错误。此纠错技巧对于纠正学生口语中的语法错误比较有效。
(3)①直接纠错法(Explicit Correction)
当学生出现语言错误时，教师打断语言训练或实践活动，对其错误予以正面纠正(说出正确的语言形式。并让学生改正)。这种纠错方式常用于旨在让学生掌握正确的语言形式而进行的机械操练或侧重语言精确输出的各种练习中。教师可用以下课堂用语：You should say…/No，you shouldn’t say that…/Read after me./Pay attention
to…/Oh，you mean…，We don’t say…in English，we say…等，例如：
T：What did you do last night?
S：I go to see a movie with my parents.
T：Oh.You should say“I went to see a movie with my parents”.
S：Oh.sorry.1 went to see a movie with my parents.
②强调纠错法(Pinpointing)
教师重复学生的话.有意重读并拖长出错部分的发音或用升调以表示特别强调。这种方法常用于学生的自我纠错。这样既能纠正学生的口语错误，保证学生顺利进行口头叙述，又能顾及学生的自尊心，促进他们参与口语活动的积极性。例如：
T：Where did you go on vacation this summer?
S：I go to Hong Kong for my vacation.
T：You go to Hong Kong?
S：Oh.1 went to Hong Kong for my vacation.
③重复纠错法(Repetition)
教师发现学生的`语言错误后，可以要求学生重新回答，并使用“Once more./Pardon?/Repeat please."等对学生加以引导。例如：
S：Xiao Liu is watch TV.
T：He is watch TV?Pardon?
S：Xiao Liu is watching TV.
T：Right!Go on please.
教师在纠正学生的口语错误时，不应仅限于一种纠错方法。在选择纠错的方式上，应综合考虑教学效果，学习者的语言水平、性格特点以及情感因素，做到多种纠错方法灵活运用。除以上几种方法外，还有追问法、等待法、反馈法等多种纠错法。
总之.在英语课堂上教师应对学生口语错误的严重程度以及产生错误的原因认真进行分析，充分把握好纠错的时机，采取灵活多样的纠错策略，帮助学生克服因出现错误而造成的语言障碍，发展自我纠错能力，提高口语水平。
四、教学设计题
33.【参考设计】
Class Type: Reading class
Teaching Contents: The Road to Modern English
Teaching Objectives:
(1) Knowledge objective
Students can learn the development of English and the reasons that English has changed over time.
(2) Ability objective
Students can master predict the content of the text according to the tide and improve their reading abilities through the process of skimming and scanning.
(3) Emotional objective
Students can have a deeper impression of the popularity of English, realize the importance of learning English and have a higher motivation to learn it.
Teaching Key and Difficult Points:
How to make students predict before reading, get the general idea and the specific information while reading.
Major Steps:
Step 1 Pre-reading (6 minutes)
Activity 1 Guessing game
The teacher asks students to guess the meanings of the sentences which are written in old English.
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry.
Then the teacher explains the background knowledge of the sentences.
(Justification: The guessing game can arouse students' interest in the topic and activate the class attnosphere.
Students will realize that the old English is different from modern English when talking about the meaning of these sentences written in old English, which will get them mentally prepared for the reading comprehension.)
Activity 2 Prediction
Ask students to make a prediction according to the title of the text.
(Justification: Students' predictions will get their mind closer to the theme of the text to be read and make their reading more intriguing and purposeful.)
Step 2 While-reading (12 minutes)
Activity I Skimming
The teacher asks students to read the text, check if they have made the right predictions and try to match the general idea of each paragraph.
Choose one or two groups to show their understanding, give comments and make a summary:
Paragraph 1Many people all over the world speak English.
Paragraph 2Why has English changed over time?
Paragraph 3English is now spoken in South Asia.
Paragraph 4Native speakers can understand each other even if they don' t speak the same kind of English.
Paragraph 5Finally by the 19th centurythe language was settled.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: This step will help students confirm or reject their predictions and get the main idea of the text.)
Activity 2 Filling in the blanks
The teacher asks students listen to the recording of the text, underline the phrases that have something to do with the time and then fill in the form.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: In the process of filling the form, students' reading skill of scanning for the detailed information will be improved, and it will help student understand the text logically.)
Step 3 Post-reading (7 minutes)
Activity 1 Retelling
T: Suppose you are an English teacher, and you have to give a brief introduction of the development of modern English to your students.
Then the teacher asks one of them to show his/her retelling.
Activity 2 Group discussion
The teacher lets students discuss the question why has English changed over time in groups and asks some of them to share their opinions in class.(The answers may vary. But it doesn't matter what their answers may be. The most important thing is to encourage them to express their own thoughts.)
The teacher then makes a summary and emphasizes the importance of learning English.
(Justification: Retelling will make students have a better understanding of the text, and the group discussion will encourage them to express their opinions freely.)
拓展：
教师资格证《中学教育知识与能力》考试真题
一、单项选择题(本大题共21小题，每小题2分，共42分)
1.在教育史上，重视实科教育，主张学生学习的自觉性，强调教育为完美生活做准备的的教育家是()。
A.夸美纽斯 B.赫尔巴特 C.斯宾塞 D.杜威
2.在儿童身心发展存在缟素发展期，某一时期某一方面的发展特别迅速而在其他阶段相对平稳。这一现象体现了儿童身心发展的那一阶段?()
A.顺序性 B.阶段性 C.个别差别差异性 D.不平衡性
3.明确提出“长善救失” “教学相长” “不陵节而施”“臧息相辅”等重要的思想的文献是( )
A.《论语》 B.《学记》 C.《孟子》 D.《大学》
4.在教育目的价值取向问题上，主张教育是为了使人增长智慧，发展才能，生活更加从充实幸福的观点属于( )
A.个人本位论 B.社会本位论 C.知识本位论 D.能力本位论
5.世界各国的学制存在着差异，但在入学年龄，中小学分段等方面却又较高的一致性。这说明学制的建立主要依据( )。
A.社会政治经济制度 B.生产力发展水平
C.青少年身心发展规律 D.名族和文化传统
6.学生在小学教学课程中通过测量或拼图学习三角形的内角和为180度，在中学教学课程中通过证明学习三角形的内角和为180度。这种课程内容的组织形式是( ).
A.直线式 B.螺旋式 C.纵向式 D.横线式
7.某沿海城市在义务教育阶段的学校全面开设海洋教育课程，这种课程属于( )。
A.国家课程 B.地方课程 C.校本课程 D.生本课程
8.李老师在语文课上，按照组织教学，检查复习，讲授新教材，巩固新教材，布置课外作业的程序进行教学。这体现了哪一类型的课的结构( )
A.单一课 B.综合课 C .练习课 D.复习课
9.古希腊哲学家苏格拉底创立了“产婆术”。它体现的主要教学方法是( )。
A.讲授法 B.讨论法 C.谈话法 D.演示法
10.有同学在班上丢了30元压岁钱，如何解决这个问题呢?王老师通过讲“负荆请罪”的故事，教育拿了钱的同学像廉颇将军一样知错能改，不久犯错误的同学把钱偷偷的归还了失主。王老师采用的德育方法是( )。
A.榜样示范法 B.品德评价法 C.实际锻炼法 D.个人修养法
11.班主任陈老师通过生杏的酸涩和熟杏的香甜来教育一位早恋的初三女生，告诉她，谈恋爱和吃杏子是一样的道理。中学生还没有生长成熟，此刻若谈恋爱，就如同吃生杏子一般，只能又苦又涩：只有到成熟后再去品尝，才会香甜可口，无比幸福。从而使这位女生从早恋中走了出来。这体现了德育的那一原则?( )
A.知行统一原则 B.长善救失原则 C.有的放矢原则 D.疏导原则
12.学习游泳之前，小兰通过阅读书籍记住了一些与游泳相关的知识。小兰对游泳知识的记忆是( )。
A.陈诉性记忆 B.程序性记忆 C.瞬时记忆 D.短时记忆
13.小军由于“锐角三角形”知识掌握不好而影响了“钝角三角形”知识的掌握，这种现象属于( )。
A.纵向迁移 B.横向迁移 C.顺应迁移 D.重组迁移
14.小马上课时害怕回答问题，他发现自己坐在教室后排时可减少老师提问的次数，于是，他总坐在教室后排，下列哪种强化方式导致了小马愿意坐在后排?( )
A.正强化 B.负强化 C.延迟强化 D.替代强化
15.小星判断道德问题时，不仅能依据规则，而且能出于同情和关心做出判断，根据皮压杰道德认知发展理论，小星的道德认知发展处于( )。
A.自我中心阶段 B.权威阶段 C.可逆阶段 D.公正阶段
16.中学生晓楠极端争抢好胜，性格急躁，富有竞争意识，外向，常常处于紧张状态，很难使自己放松，小楠的人格属于( )。
A.A型人格 B.B型人格 C.C型人格 D.D型人格
17.小强期中考试失利，但是他没有气馁，而是认真分析了失败原因，找到了问题，确定了新的方向，小强这种对待挫折的方式是( )。
A.宣泄 B.升华 C.补偿 D.认知重组
18.中学生小艾上学前总是反复检查书包，如果不检查，他就难受，明知该带的文具都带了，就是控制不住，小强这种对待挫折的方式是( )。
A.抑郁症 B.焦虑症 C. 强迫症 D.恐惧症
19.华老师认为课堂管理是教学的一部分，[亿师学整理]课堂管理本身可以教给学生一些行为准则，使学生从他律走向自律，使学生逐步走向成熟，这主要说明课堂管理具有那一项功能( ).
A.维持功能 B.导向功能 C.发展功能 D.调节功能
20.每学期开学前，王老师总是根据自己所教班级人数，课时量以及备课资料知否充分等来安排自己的教学方式与教学进度，根据布勒与布朗的观点，王老师处于教师成长的哪个阶段?( )。
A.关注生存 B.关注情境 C.关注学生 D.关注自我
21.老师经常自觉的对自己的讲课过程进行分析，进行全面深入的归纳和总结，以不断的改善自觉的教学行为，提高自觉的教学水平，李老师的做法基于下列哪种专业发展方式( )
A.教学实施 B.教学研究 C.自我发展 D.教学反思
二、辨析题(本大题共4题，每小题8分，共32分)判断正误，并判断理由。
22.教学具有自身的发展规律，不受社会发展的制约。
23.知识越多，能力越强。
24.接受学习一定是意义学习。
25.根据科尔伯格的观点，道德发展的阶段性是固定的，相同年龄阶段的人都能达到同样的发展水平。
三、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题10分，共40分)
26.简述班主任培养班集体的主要方法?
27.我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的具体目标有哪些?
28.简述短时记忆特点。
29.简述学校心理辅导的原则。
四、材料分析题(本大题共2小题，每小题18分，共36分)阅读材料，并回答问题
30.材料：
周老师总是认真的给学生写评语，把它作为教育学生的途径，他给班上一名淘气学生写了一首打油诗：“小赵同学有头脑。就是不爱用正道;上课爱做小动作，插 话接舌瞎胡闹;学习态度不大好，学习成绩不大妙;你若聪明应知道，有才不用是草包，劝你来期赶紧改，否则成绩更糟糕。”小赵阅后哈哈大笑，也回老师一打油 诗：“老师写的好，老师写的妙;小赵一定改，决不当草包;不做小动作，头脑用正道;[亿师学提供]若是做不好，随你老师敲!”
小张迷恋 电脑游戏，周老师用心良苦，巧妙把他比喻为电脑，给他的评语是：“该主机硬盘超过80G，内存2G，运行绝大多数游戏非常流畅，反应灵敏;显卡强大，画面 质量甚高;整体配置非常优良，但该机音效设定不良，常常该发声没有声音，要安静时却发出杂音;另外屏保时间设定过短，老师一分钟没动作，就进入休眠状态， 修理修理，还是好用的。”后来，小张改掉了迷恋游戏的毛病，对电脑硬件也产生了兴趣。
小黄语文水平高，但有些浮躁，周老师给他的评语如 下：“汝生于书香门第，通达明理，开朗乐观，时有非常之事，亦曾处之泰然，好学善守。然汝时有蹉跎之意，数情烦甚。若不熟读圣贤之书，以致学识浅薄，泯然 众人，岂不哀哉，痛哉!”小黄阅后，心服口服，决心静下来，坚持勤奋读书。
问题：
(1)周老师给学生写的评语体现了那些德育原则?
(2)请结合材料加以分析。
31.材料：
小明和小罗今年高三，是一对好朋友。两人在处理问题的认知风格方面有较大差异。小明在学习上遇到问题时，常常利用个人经验独立的对其进行判断，喜欢用概 况与逻辑的方式分析问题，很少受到同学与老师建议的影响。而小罗遇到问题时常常表现与小明相反，他更愿意倾听老师和同学们的建议，并以他们的建议作为分析 问题的依据。另外，他还善于观察言观色，关注社会问题。
问题：
(1)结合材料分析小明和小罗的认知风格差异。
(2)假如你是他们的老师，如何根据认知风格差异展开教学?
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