雅思阅读真题

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雅思阅读真题

　　一、考试概述

　　本次考试的文章是三篇旧文章，难度中等。包含考古科学、生物科学以及商业三个领域的文章。

　　二、具体题目分析

　　Passage 1

　　题目：Ahead of the time

　　题号：旧题

　　参考文章：

　　Mammoth Kill

　　Mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammoths, proboscideans commonly equipped with long，curved tusks and in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Ptiocene epoch from around 5 million years ago，into the Hotocene at about 4，500 years ago，and were members of the family Elephantidae, which contains, along with mammoths, the two genera of modern elephants and their ancestors.

　　Like their modern relatives，mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reached heights in the region of 4m at the shoulder and weights up to 8 tonnes, while exceptionally large males may have exceeded 12 tonnes. However，most species of mammoth were only about as large as a modem. Asian elephant. Both sexes bore tusks. A first, small set appeared at about the age of six months and these were replaced at about 18 months by the permanent set. Growth of the permanent set was at a rate of about 1 to 6 inches per year. Based on studies of their close relatives, the modem elephants, mammoths probably had a gestation period of 22 months, resulting in a single calf being born. Their social structure was probably the same as that of African and Asian elephants, with females living in herds headed by a matriarch, whilst hulls lived solitary lives or formed loose groups after sexual maturity.

　　MEXICO CITY-Although it’s hard to imagine in this age of urban sprawl and auto mobiles. North America once belonged to mammoths，camels，ground sloths as large as cows, bear-size beavers and other formidable beasts. Somel 1,000 years ago，however, these large bodied mammals and others-about 70 species in all-disappeared. Their demise coincided roughly with the arrival of humans in the New World and dramatic climatic change-factors that have inspired several theories about the die-off. Yet despite decades of scientific investigation, the exact cause remains a mystery. Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie (巨型动物兽群)to extinction. The overkill model emerged in the 1960s，when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona. Since then, critics have charged that no evidence exists to support the idea that the first Americans hunted to the extent necessary to cause these extinctions. But at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico City last October, paleo ecologist John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that, in fact, hunting-driven extinction is not only plausible, it was unavoidable. He has determined, using a computer simulation that even a very modest amount of hunting would have wiped these animals out.

　　Assuming an initial human population of 100 people that grew no more than 2 percent annually, Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within 1,000 years. Large mammals in particular would have been vulnerable to the pressure because they have longer gestation periods than smaller mammals and their young require extended care.

　　Not everyone agrees with Alroy’s assessment. For one, the results depend in part on population-size estimates for the extinct animals-figures that are not necessarily reliable. But a more specific criticism comes from mammologist Ross D. E. Mac Phee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones (and none, its hould be noted, are known from other mega faunal remains)-hardly what one might expect if hunting drove these animals to extinction. Furthermore, some of these species had huge ranges the giant Jefferson's ground sloth’ for example, lived as far north as the Yukon and as far south as Mexico which would have made slaughtering them in numbers sufficient to cause their extinction rather implausible, he says.

　　MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyper lethal disease, perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin，which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World. As in the overkill model, populations of large mammals would have a harder time recovering. Repeated outbreaks of a hyper disease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return. So far Mac Phee does not have empirical evidence for the hyper disease hypothesis, and it won't be easy to come by: hyper lethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves. But he hopes that analyses of tissue and DNA from the last mammoths to perish will eventually reveal murderous microbes.

　　The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human, beings. Instead, its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges-a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges. Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation-the so-called Younger Diyas event pushed them over the edge, Graham says. For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the Ice Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate scenarios explain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct.“Personally，I’m a vegetarian,” he remarks, “and I find all of this kind of gross 一 bubelievable.”

　　Passage 2 ：

　　题目：Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological Control

　　题型：判断题+配对题

　　题目：旧题

　　类似原文：

　　Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological Control

　　In 1476 , the farmers of Berne in Switzerland decided, according to this story, there was only one way to rid their fields of the cutworms(糖蛾)attacking their crops. They took the pests to court. The worms were tried, found guilty and excommunicated by the archbishop (大主教).In China, farmers had a more practical approach to pest control. Rather than rely on divine intervention (神学的调停),they put their faith in frogs, ducks and ants. Frogs and ducks were encouraged to snap up (吃下)the pests in the paddies (稻田)and the occasional plague of locusts (蝗虫).But the notion of biological control began with an ant. More specifically, the story says，it started with the predatory yellow citrus (柑橘)ant Oecophylla smaragdina , which has been polishing off (打败)pests in the orange groves of southern China for at least 1700 years. The yellow citrus ant (黄蚁)is a type of weaver ant, which binds leaves and twigs with silk to form a neat, tent-like nest. In the beginning, farmers made do with the odd ants’nest here and there. But it wasn’t long before growing demand led to the development of a thriving trade in nests and a new type of agriculture—ant fanning.

　　B Foran insect that bites, the yellow citrus ant is remarkably popular. Even byant standards, Oecophylla smaragdina is a fearsome predator. It’s big, runs fast and has a powerful nip—painful to humans but lethal to many of the insects that plague the orange groves of Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. And for at least 17 centuries. Chinese orange growers have harnessed these six-legged killing machines to keep their fruit groves healthy and productive. The story explains that citrus fruits evolved in the Far East and the Chinese discovered the delights of their flesh early on. As the ancestral home of oranges, lemons and pomelos, China also has the greatest diversity of citrus pests. And the trees that produce the sweetest fruits，the mandarins—or kan—attract a host of plant-eating insects, from black ants and sap-sucking mealy bugs to leaf-devouring caterpillars (毛毛虫). With so many enemies, fruit growers clearly had to have some way of protecting their orchards.

　　The West did not discover the Chinese orange growers' secret weapon until the early 20th century. At the time, Florida was suffering an epidemic of citrus canker (相橘溃疡)and in 1915 Walter Swingle，a plant physiologist working for the US Department of Agriculture, was, the story says, sent to China in search of varieties of orange that were resistant to the disease. Swingle spentsome time studying the citrus orchards around Guangzhou, and there he came across the story of the cultivated ant. These ants, he was told, were “grown”by the people of a small village nearby who sold them to the orange growers by the nestful (—整窝的).

　　The earliest report of citrus ants at work among the orange trees appears in a book on tropical and subtropical botany written by His Han in AD 304. “The people of Chiao-Chih sell in their markets ants in bags of rush matting. The nests are like silk. The bags are all attached to twigs and leaves which, with the ants inside the nests, are for sale. The ants are reddish-yellow in colour, bigger than ordinary ants. In the south if the kan trees do not have this kind of ant, the fruits will all be damaged by many harmful insects, and not a single fruit will be perfect.

　　Initially, farmers relied on nests which they collected from the wild or bought in the market where trade in nests was brisk. ‘It is said that in the south orange trees which are free of ants will have wormy fruits. Therefore the people race to buy nests for their orange trees, ‘wrote Liu Hsun in Strange Things Noted in the South, written about AD 890. The business quickly became more sophisticate. From the 10th century, country people began to trap ants in artificial nests baited with fat. “Fruit growing families buy these ants from vendors who make a business of collecting and selling such creatures, “wrote Chuang Chi-Yu in 1130. “They trap them by filling hogs 'or sheep’s bladders with fat and placing them with the cavities open next to the ants 'nests. They wait until the ants have migrated into the bladders and take them away. This is known as ‘rearing orange ants’. “Fanners attached the bladders to their trees, and in time the ants spread to other trees and built new nests. By the 17th century, growers were building bamboo walkways between their trees to speed the colonization of their orchards. The ants ran along these narrow bridges from one tree to another and established nests “by the hundreds of thousands”.

　　Did it work? The orange growers clearly thought so. One authority, Chi TaChun，writing in 1700，stressed how important it was to keep the fruit trees free of insect pests, especially caterpillars. “It is essential to eliminate them so that the trees are not injured. But hand labour is not nearly as efficient as ant power...”Swingle was just as impressed. Yet despite this reports, many Western biologists were skeptical. In the West, the idea of using one insect to destroy another was new and highly controversial. The first breakthrough had come in 1888，when the infant orange industry in California had been saved from extinction by the Australian vedalia beetle. This beetle was the only thing that had made any inroad into the explosion of cottony cushion scale that was threatening to destroy the state’s citrus crops. But, as Swingle now knew，California’s “first，’was nothing of the sort. The Chinese had been expert in biocontrol for many centuries.

　　The story goes on to say that the long tradition of ants in the Chinese orchards only began to waver in the 1950s and 1960s with the introduction of powerful organic (I guess the authormeans chemical insecticides). Although most fruit growers switched to chemicals, a few hung onto their ants. Those who abandoned ants in favour of chemicals quickly became disillusioned (幻想破灭). As costs soared and pests began to develop resistance to the chemicals, growers began to revive the old ant patrols. They had good reason to have faith in their insect workforce. Research in the early 1960s showed that as long as there were enough ants in the trees，they did an excellent job of dispatching some pests—mainly the larger insects—and had modest success against others. Trees with yellow ants produced almost 20 per cent more healthy leaves than those without. More recent trials have shown that these trees yield just as big a crop as those protected by expensive chemical sprays.

　　Oneapparent drawback of using ants—and one of the main reasons for the early skepticism by Western scientists—was that citrus ants do nothing to control mealy bugs， waxy-coated scale insects which can do considerable damage to fruit trees. In fact，the ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the sweet honeydew they secrete. The orange growers always denied this was a problem but Western scientists thought they knew better. Research in the 1980s suggests that the growers were right all along. Where mealy bugs proliferate under the ants ‘protection they are usually heavily parasitized and this limits the harm they can do. Orange growers who rely on carnivorous ants rather than poisonous chemicals maintain a better balance of species in their orchards. While the ants deal with the bigger insect pests, other predatory species keep down the numbers of smaller pests such as scale insects and aphids(蚜虫). In the long run， ants do a lot less damage than chemicals—and they’re certainly more effective than excommunication.

　　Questions 14-18

　　Use the information in the passage to match the year (listed A-G) with correct description below. Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

　　NB you may use any letter more than once

　　A 1888

　　B 1476

　　C 1915

　　D 1700

　　E 1130

　　F 304 AD

　　G 1950

　　14 First record of ant against pests written.

　　15 WS studied ant intervention method in China.

　　16 First case of orange crops rescued by insect in western world.

　　17 Chinese farmers start to choose chemical method.

　　18 A book wrote mentioned ways to trap ants.

　　Questions 19-26

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

　　In boxes 19-26 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　19 China has the most orange pests in the world.

　　20 Swingle came to China in order to search an insect for the US government.

　　21 Western people were impressed by Swingle’s theory of pest prevention.

　　22 Chinese farmers realised that price of pesticides became expensive.

　　24 Trees without ants had more unhealthy fallen leaves than those with.

　　25 Yield of fields using ants is larger a crop than that using chemical pesticides.

　　26 Chinese orange farmers proposed that ant protection doesn’t work out of China.

　　14 F

　　15 C

　　16 A

　　17 G

　　18 E

　　19 TRUE

　　20 FALSE

　　21 FALSE

　　22 TRUE

　　23 TRUE

　　24 NOT GIVEN

　　25 TRUE

　　26 NOT GIVEN

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　Passage 3 ：

　　题名：The Persuaders

　　题型：选择+匹配

　　类似文章：

　　We have long lived in an age where powerful images, catchy sound bite sand too-good-to miss offers bombard us from every quarter. All around us the persuaders are at work. Occasionally their methods are unsubtle--the planting kiss on a baby’s head by a wannabe political leader，or a liquidation sale in a shop that has been “closing down” for well over a year，but generally the persuaders know what they are about and are highly capable. Be they politicians, supermarket chains, salespeople or advertisers，they know exactly what to do to sell us their images, ideas or produce. When it comes to persuasion, these giants rule supreme. They employ the most skilled image-makers and use the best psychological tricks to guarantee that even the most cautious among us are open to manipulation.

　　We spend more time in them than we mean to, we buy 75 percent of our food from them and end up with products that we did not realize we wanted. Right from the start, supermarkets have been ahead of the game. For example，when Sainsbury introduced shopping baskets into its 1950s stores, it was a stroke of marketing genius. Now shoppers could browse and pick up items they previously would have ignored. Soon after came trolleys, and just as new roads attract more traffic, the same applied to trolley space. Pro Merlin Stone, IBM Professor of Relationship Marketing at Bristol Business School，says aisles are laid out to maximize profits. Stores pander to our money-rich, time-poor lifestyle. Low turnover products—clothes and electrical goods are stocked at the back while high---turnover items command position at the front.

　　Stone believes supermarkets work hard to “stall” us because the more time we spend in them, the more we buy. Thus, great efforts are made to make the environment pleasant. Stores play music to relax us and some even pipe air from the in-store bakery around the shop. In the USA，fake aromas are sometimes used. Smell is both the most evocative and subliminal sense. In experiments, pleasant smells are effective in increasing our spending. A casino that fragranced only half its premise saw profit soar in the aroma一 filled areas. The other success story from the supermarkets' perspective is the loyalty card. Punters may assume that they are being rewarded for their fidelity, but all the while they are trading information about their shopping habits. Loyal shoppers could be paying 30% more by sticking to their favorite shops for essential cosmetics.

　　Research has shown that 75 percent of profit comes from just 30 percent of customers. Ultimately, reward cards could be used to identify and better accommodate these “elite” shoppers. It could also be used to make adverts more relevant to individual consumers— rather like Spielberg’s futuristic thriller Minority Report, in which Tom Cruise’s character is bombarded with interactive personalized ads. If this sounds far-fetched, the data gathering revolution has already seen the introduction of radio—frequency identification—away to electronically tag products to what, FRID means they can follow the product into people homes.

　　No matter how savvy we think we are to their ploys，the ad industry still wins. Adverts focus on what products do or on how they make us feel. Researcher Laurette Dube, in the Journal of Advertising Research, says when attitudes are base on “cognitive foundations” (logical reasoning), advertisers use informative appeals. This works for products with little emotional draw buthigh functionality, such as bleach. Where attitude are based on effect (i.e, 5 emotions), ad teams try to tap into our feelings. Researchers at the University of Florida recently concluded that our emotional responses to adverts dominate over “cognition”.

　　Advertisers play on our need to be safe (commercials for insurance), to belong (make customer feel they are in the group in fashion ads) and for selfes— teem (aspirational adverts). With time and space at a premium, celebrities are often used as a quick way of meeting these needs— either because the celeb epitomizes success or because they seem familiar and so make the product seem “safe”. A survey of 4,000 campaigns found ads with celebs were 10 percent more effective than without. Humor also stimulates a rapid emotional response. Hwiman Chung, writing in the International Journal of Advertising, found that funny ads were remembered for longer than straight ones. Combine humor with sexual imagery—as in Wonder bra，s “Hello Boys” ads and you are on to a winner.

　　Slice-of-life ads are another tried and tested method they paint a picture of life as you would like it, but still one that feels familiar. Abhilasha Mehta, in the Journal of Advertising Research, noted that the more one’s self-image tallies with the brand being advertised, the stronger the commercial. Ad makers also use behaviorist theories，recognizing that the more sensation we receive for an object, the better we know it. If an advert for a chocolate bar fails to cause salivation, it has probably failed. No wonder advertisements have been dubbed the “nervous system of the business world”.

　　Probably all of us could make a sale if the product was something we truly believed in, but professional salespeople are in a different league——the best of them can always sell different items to suitable customers in a best time. They do this by using very basic psychological techniques. Stripped to its simplest level, selling works by heightening the buyer’s perception of how much they need a product or service. Buyers normally have certain requirements by which they will judge the suitability of a product. The seller therefore attempts to tease out what these conditions are and then explains how their products’ benefit can meet these requirements.

　　Richard Hession，author of Be a Great Salesperson says it is human nature to prefer to speak rather to listen, and good salespeople pander to this. They ask punters about their needs and offer to work with them to achieve their objectives. As a result, the buyer feels they are receiving a “consultation” rather than a sales pitch. All the while，the salesperson presents with a demeanor that takes it for granted that the sale will be made. Never will the words “if you buy” be used, but rather “when you buy”.

　　Dr. Rob Yeung, a senior consultant at business psychologists Kiddy and Partner, says most salespeople will build up a level of rapport by asking questions about hobbies, family and lifestyle. This has the double benefit of making the salesperson likeable while furnishing him or her with more information about the client’s wants. Yeung says effective salespeople try as far as possible to match their style of presenting themselves to how the buyer comes across. If the buyer cracks jokes, the salespeople will respond in kind. If the buyer wants detail, the seller provides it, if they are more interested in the feel of the product, the seller will focus on this. At its most extreme, appearing empathetic can even include the salesperson attempting to “mirror” the hobby language of the buyer.

　　Whatever the method used, all salespeople work towards one aim: “dosing the deal”. In fact, they will be looking for “closing signals” through their dealings with potential clients. Once again the process works by assuming success. The buyer is not asked “are you interested?” as this can invite a negative response. Instead the seller takes it for granted that the deal is effectively done: when the salesman asks you for a convenient delivery date or asks what color you want, you will probably respond accordingly. Only afterwards might you wonder why you proved such a pushover.

　　Passage1：日本画家介绍

　　题型：匹配+填空+判断

　　待回忆

　　Passage2：纳米技术

　　题型：匹配

　　待回忆

　　Passage3：中世纪英国儿童的娱乐活动

　　题型：判断

　　待回忆

　　雅思阅读+听力考试真题

　　阅读

　　passage1 古代怎样传送信息莫斯电码发明后对现代人的信息交流产生了怎样的影响

　　passage2 早期人类使用珠宝显示身份和地位，现代珠宝多用做装饰品及考古研究

　　passage3 儿童智力发展

　　听力

　　2016年1月9日雅思听力真题解析A卷

　　Section 1

　　场景：电影院会员资格咨询及电影介绍

　　题型：填空题

　　1. No age limited

　　2. How much per season membership: join fee ￡21.50

　　3. Discount for student membership card: ￡2

　　4. Offer three hours’ free parking

　　5-10表格填空

　　NameGenreYearDetails

　　The soliderComedy1922A child ran away from hometown and came to Argentina, then won a big sum of money

　　Piano life

　　Kids at singing competition

　　The tigerCartoon aimed for adults

　　Following by a book talk of an editor

　　分析：听力S1延续了一直以来的填空题题型出题，同时也配合了最常见生活娱乐方面的咨询场景作为背景，希望广大考鸭注意这一个section最重点需要掌握的场景词汇和预测。

　　词以类记：annual fee，membership，seat number，tragedy，war movie，horror film，thrilling

　　Section 2

　　场景：农场介绍与比较

　　题型：单选题+表格题+地图配对题

　　11. local markets only： A sell to individual buyers

　　12. cheaper gift：C cheaper price

　　13. donkeys

　　14. apples

　　15. Fig’s price is ﹩6 per kg

　　16. tomatoes

　　17. B (top right corner)

　　18. G (…over the bridge…)

　　19. F (bottom left corner)

　　20. H (bottom right corner)

　　分析：S2以选择题为主要题型，对场景的考察淡化，逐渐加入了以往在S4才会出现的学科知识，使得S2难度增加，再加之是选择题，同义替换抓取难度增加，需要引起重视。

　　Section 3

　　场景：两名学生跟教授之间关于presentation的交流

　　题型：选择题

　　Section 4

　　场景：琥珀的形成和应用

　　题型：填空题

　　31. amber produces resin to protect itself against insects and fungi

　　32. some resin has colors because: it was formed from volcanic dust and with mineral in soil

　　33. the conditions to from amber include pressure, heat and time

　　34. the mid-product copal was formed during: intermediate stage

　　35. it is often formed in the sea

　　36. the ancient Greek believed water and air found in the amber sunlight was trapped

　　37. here is a special one in every 1000

　　38. it can be used to make jeweler, necklace, but should be set in silver setting

　　39. when it was mingled with powder and honey

　　40. it can be also used as building material

　　分析：由于S4整体词汇和知识难度相对来说比较高，这一部分依旧主要以填空题为基础题型出题，而由于考察学科内容较为广泛，如果考鸭们适当多了解一点百科知识，对这一部分的听力理解也是会有助益的。

　　2016年1月9日雅思听力真题解析B卷

　　Section 1

　　场景：农场预定

　　题型：单选题+填空题

　　1. Each group size is: B 38 persons

　　2. How is the meeting room: B it is unavailable now

　　3. Inform in advance if: B need someone to cook for them

　　4. What can all people do in the farm: C get information about organic farming

　　5. Survival course: B looking for food

　　6. If you want to stay at accommodation, how can you pay: B part of money in advance/deposit

　　7. Go to the closest area, you can choose the cycling route

　　8. In rainy days, you can go to the museum

　　9. He likes this job because it is: B unusual

　　10. Address: Cohetele Road

　　Post code: SH121LQ

　　分析：B卷出题题型跟A卷有明显差异，S1常考的填空题变少，选择题变为主导会导致广大考鸭受到一定程度的打击;好在整体的场景还是最熟悉的场馆预订类，词汇基础和考点要点掌握得比较好的考生应该还是能够顺利完成的。

　　词以类记：book，reserve，reservation，in advance，deposit，available，venue

　　Section 2

　　场景：学生寻找假期兼职

　　题型：表格填空题+选择题

　　advantagesDisadvantagesRecommendations

　　StocktravellingMake people tiredget good shoes

　　Office workAir conditionMust 13. Wear formal clothesChoose a 14. larger office

　　Work at zoogood play

　　live nearby

　　17. where does he get the information about the work at zoo: A from one of his friends

　　18. what did Peter think about the job: C unusual

　　19. what part of job makes Peter think it is interesting: A work with children

　　20. what will Peter do in the next term: C do not work a job

　　Section 3

　　场景：生物学课程讨论

　　题型：填空题+选择题

　　21. share ideas

　　22. do much deep researches

　　DateResearch location/venueName of persons

　　13th Maymountain building

　　17thMay

　　… and John

　　29thMaylibrariesJohn

　　26. presentation for 30-40 minutes

　　27-28. including questions and discussion time

　　29. articles from journals

　　30. … and download courses from internet

　　分析：S3一向以学生和教授的课堂、课后关于课程和作业展开有关学术话题的讨论为主要内容，新年第一场考试依旧不例外，相对较好的是此次B卷S3没有以选择题为主导，加入了相对简单的表格填空作为调节，使得难度不那么大，还有多处是数字信息填写，也算是相对轻松了一些。

　　Section 4

　　场景：夜班工人健康研究

　　题型：填空题

　　31. … people who work in night witnessed number of a huge increase

　　32. night shift workers internal clock disordered

　　33. Human’s internal clock make people tell the difference of dark and night

　　34. night shift work resulted in unsocial hours

　　35. lack of sleep is not good for stomach and heart

　　36. all of these reasons would lead to depression

　　37. affect their mental ability, and therefore affect their performance

　　38. the third example is social matters

　　39-40. it will ruin family life and some other relationship e.g. peer group/friends

　　拓展：考试技巧

　　一、把握住简单题型

　　首先，我们来看一下剑桥官方的评分标准。

　　大家可以看到，40道题目中，无论简单题还是难题，任意做对30-32道，即可拿到阅读7分。所以，如果阅读想拿到7分，就一定要了解简单题型的特点，把握住那些简单的题型！

　　雅思阅读的简单题型，具有如下特点：

　　1、顺序原则（包括判断、填空和单选）。

　　2、容易定位，含有人名或数字等特殊定位词的题目，典型代表是人名理论配对题。

　　二、挑选由易到难的答题顺序

　　对于那些所有题目全能做对，时间还绰绰有余的超级学霸来说，就不需要考虑做题顺序了。

　　但是对于其他烤鸭来说，如果想早日屠鸭成功，推荐做法是：

　　在试卷发下来的第一分钟，浏览三篇文章的标题、副标题和配图以及题型，然后挑选“话题熟悉、题型简单”的文章先做。

　　例如，三篇文章所涉及话题分别为：

　　1、探讨古希腊哲学流派

　　2、儿童早期教育

　　3、睡眠质量对于工作学习表现的影响。

　　在这三篇文章中，除非是哲学专业的学生或哲学爱好者，否则大部分同学应该将第一篇文章放在最后处理。

　　而在每篇文章中，也应该尽量快速准确地先做完判断、填空、特殊词配对题和单选题，为其他难题争取出更多时间。

　　对于阅读目标分数为6.5分的同学，甚至只需要保证简单题80%的正确率，即可获得“可以接受的”成绩。

　　数据证明，在共计1600道题目中，我们所提到的简单题判断、填空、特殊词配对和单选已经占了约76.26%，所占比例超过四分之三，即：正常的试卷中，40道题目中，有约30道是简单题。如果这些题目能保证80%的正确率，30*80%=24，已经站稳6分，其他10道难题，千万别交白卷儿，把答案填满，如果能蒙对三道，一共作对24+3=27道题，6.5分貌似也没那么难。

　　三、巧妙蒙题也能拿高分

　　说到这里，有的同学可能会说，最近雅思阅读被吐槽最多的那几场，考生一片鬼哭狼嚎“苍了天啦！二十多道配对题！”

　　在这里需要强调的是：

　　1、带特殊定位词的配对题，算简单题，可以迅速定位，不要怕；

　　2、越是难题多的时候，越需要更快更准地扫清简单题，保证基础分数，同时为难题争取出更多的时间。

　　拓展：雅思阅读做不完怎么办？

　　很多童鞋的基础不够好，主要体现在词汇量不够及语法掌握不牢，这就会导致题目文章理解困难，分不清复杂句结构，导致抓不住重点。

　　针对这两点你需要做的是：

　　1、牢固掌握雅思阅读高频词

　　2、对文章进行生词和同义替换的总结

　　同意替换词是雅思阅读最大的出题点，自己进行总结，能帮助自己更深入的理解。

　　3、掌握雅思阅读重点句型

　　雅思阅读重在转折、并列、因果等逻辑上的考察，补好基础语法后，需要在这些逻辑句型上花费更多的时间去掌握。

　　很多同学会对每个单词逐一停顿，并逐一翻译地阅读，强迫症式地想完全理解每句话的意思，这样会浪费很多时间，也完全没有必要。

　　在雅思阅读中，要以意群、句子，甚至几个句子为一个单位移动，必要的时候进行跳读。

　　掌握基础语法和逻辑后，读不懂的快读，读得懂的抓住重点。

　　还有同学低声朗读或嘴唇蠕动着默读，用手或笔指着卷面一排排地导读，这些都是严重影响阅读速度的坏习惯，现在开始，童鞋们就应有意识的抑制这些习惯性行为。

　　在考场上，很多同学越想按时完成越是紧张。一旦一篇文章没有及时做完，后面就慢慢心态崩了...

　　其实，大家的目标不是9分的话，就不是非得做完全部的题目，最重要的是，保证已做的题全部正确。

　　所以在平常的练习中，先保证正确率，前期可以仔细地慢慢做，做到每题全对；

　　后期熟练做题并牢固掌握词汇语法后，要在1小时内达到40个全对的目标，第一遍对错误的题进行总结，第二遍继续练习直到1小时内全对为止。

　　拓展：雅思阅读答题卡怎么填

　　1.雅思阅读答题卡填写范例

　　雅思阅读答题卡填写范例，雅思阅读答题卡怎么填填充题卡?答题卡填写怎么填写?怎么填写?怎么填写?雅思阅读答题卡要在规定时间前30分钟内填涂答题卡，所以要仔细阅读。

　　填写答题卡的时候，不要慌张。雅思阅读提示词的填写有时候不要慌张，不要慌张。雅思阅读题目的答题时间一般为4-5分钟，雅思阅读的答题卡是按照题目要求的时间来填写。雅思阅读提示词，填写答题卡时要用到填写的信息和信息。

　　雅思阅读答题卡要填写的信息有：

　　1、填写的信息。

　　2、填写的信息。

　　3、阅读题目。

　　4、写的内容。

　　5、听力题目。雅思阅读提示词，词性和词汇。

　　6、词性。

　　7、词性和词汇。

　　8、词性和词性。雅思阅读提示词，定位词。

　　9、词性与词性。

　　2.雅思听力审题技巧

　　雅思阅读答题卡填写范例，雅思阅读答题卡怎么填填表怎么填?答案是肯定的，不需要填写完整的字体。如果没有填写完整的字体，那么考官就会判定你是否有充足的答题时间，如果没有充分的准备时间和准备时间并且答案没有充分的准备时间，那么考试中的问题就不会出现，所以在答题卡的时候一定要注意答题卡上的问题：

　　第一，考生需要在考试前30分钟填写答题卡，所以答题卡的'字体是固定的，所以第一次考试时一定要仔细阅读考试的答题卡。

　　第二，考试当天尽量不要迟到，不要迟到。

　　3.雅思阅读答题卡填写范例

　　雅思阅读答题卡填写范例，雅思阅读答题卡怎么填?雅思阅读考试分为四个section，每篇文章都有8-10道题，每篇文章有9道题目。文章长度为40道题，每篇约1000-1000字左右，考场景为学术性阅读，每篇约8000字。

　　题目会给出一道试题，文章的小标题以示，考生需回答所有问题。雅思阅读答题卡，考生需回答40道题目，包括问题解决的题目，文章中所有的问题均为答案。考生需回答40道题目，包括图表、曲线图、表格、地图等信息。阅读答题卡的类型为三篇文章，每一类项目一定包括一篇文章的小论文。

　　雅思阅读考试分为四大类。文章类型为学术类雅思考试，包括学术类雅思考试，学术类雅思考试。文章类别主要分为学术类，培训类，培训类，培训类。

　　拓展：雅思写作指导

　　1、复杂的单词

　　在雅思写作考试中，许多考生苦背单词数月后,自感学有所成,英文水平有量跃，因此作文用词不难不用，以博考官注意，期待“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”的奇效。可惜雅思考官多半年迈，被你一“惊”一“吓”，你的最后得分可想而知。譬如说，有个学生曾经写过“superfluous”一词，这种词我称之为“震灾词”，因为百年难遇。其实，单词不求难易，只求贴切。举例说，“fire”可谓简单，许多学生不屑一用，但是BBC新闻上非常常见，可以说布莱尔首相的新提案正在”under fire”，也就是被指责，被攻击的意思。BBC新闻的记者一般都是文学佼佼者，词汇量深不可测，因此，他们用“fire”一词，不代表他们词汇量不够，而是在于“fire”在这种语言情形下并无他选。另外一个例子是“cut”，所有国外的知名经济报道每天都在用这个单词，在价格上或者经费上的“cut”，表示说削减，很多学生用“decrease”,托福常见的“diminish”,乃至GRE常见的“dwindle”,都难以表达“cut”干脆利落，毫不留情的感觉。

　　用复杂的单词有两大弱点：一，极其容易拼写错误，这会激怒考官;二，用得不够恰当：有的单词在字典里翻译得并不准确，一旦使用，只会让人啼笑皆非。国内各校都有宣传部，很多人翻译成“propaganda department”，外教百思不得其解，因为“propaganda”常用作贬义，只有战争期间的宣传，才用“propaganda”，实难以堂堂高校宣传等而视之。

　　单词的正确使用，恰当使用是一个时间累积的过程。如果没有足够把握，千万慎用。

　　2、复杂的句子结构

　　在雅思写作考试时，许多考生考前苦心筹备二十来个句型，定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句，不一而足，然后在考场上千方百计、转弯抹角地把句型列阵式地套上去，等待考官的最后检阅。窃以为考官既然知道我的句型背诵炉火纯青，应该会给我一个六分。然而，雅思作文考试不是语法考试，更不是背诵考试，而是考察语言应用的考试。一篇好的文章应该水道渠成，浑然天成，而并非生搬硬套，无中生有。我在考前提醒学生写作要限制时间，有两个用意：一，考试是限时考试，这一点不言而喻;二，避免学生费心思去炮制“优美”的句子，往往弄巧成拙，影响文章的流畅和观感。

　　考生看到这一步，会问如何文字使用才可以到随心所欲，出口成章的地步。方法很简单，每天在BBC报道上摘录句子五个，反复背诵。中国俗话说“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。”英文学习的道理也在其中。背一个月的句子，考场上就可以一气呵成，考生又何乐而不为?

　　3、不要抄袭范文

　　那么如何迅速提高雅思写作，俗话说：“天下文章一大抄。”其实，任何英文学习(广泛地说，任何的语言学习)都需要模仿，也就是“抄袭”。英文从简单的抄起，直抄到深奥的。只有不断地模仿，“抄袭”，才可以熟能生巧，在考场上写出灵活多变的句子来。很多考生道听途说国内考官的手里都有一些中国人编的所谓雅思写作权威书籍，因此照抄书上的作文无甚用处，会被扣分。这种推断非常荒谬，原因有三：

　　首先，很多所谓的权威书籍并非权威，里面的八分范文并非八分。

　　其次，即使范文够上了级别，考生是不是完全背下来了，背得恰当与否又是不得而知。有的学生背了片言只语，然后融合自己写的一堆病句错句，分数不理想就开始怀疑考官是否打击模仿范文的考生。又或者，考生死记硬背，看到题目类似就誉写上去，而没有考虑到题目修改所带来的变化(本书会具体解释)，试问一篇文不对题的文章如何得六分?

　　再者，重申一句，语言都是模仿而来，包括考官本人的英文知识也是日积月累地模仿而来。对一件事情的描述其实大同小异，因此如果描述得当，文字上有雷同并不奇怪。考官不会期待着你对一件事物有前无古人，后无来者的叙述;反之，他只会接受外国人所遵循的一种普通的，常见的叙述方法。换言之，如果你的描写接近英文的一般模式，你就会得高分。再简单一点说，你抄得越象，越容易得高分。永远记住一句话：所有的考试都是将合格的学生考出来，而不是将不合格的考生考出去。

　　4、“every coin is two sides”

　　中国人写文章喜欢旁征博引，拾人牙慧而示自己学识渊博，博览群书。这弊端显而易见，就是自暴其短。譬如说中国学生百用不爽的“every coin is two sides”，这一点不可怕，可怕的是马上加上一句“including positive side and negative side”。每个硬币固然有两面，然而为什么偏有一面是负面，一面是正面?硬币是钱，钱总是好的，怎会有一面好，一面不好?我问了外国朋友，这种说法是有，但是本意是说要一分为二看问题，也就是强调两种看法，而不是事物的优缺点。从这一个教训中国考生应该知道，如果没有十足的把握，不要想当然地乱用外国的俗语。国内的考生迟早会到外国学习，翻开外国的专业书籍，你们会发现外国人本身极少使用俗语或者引用名言，一本几百页的书最多就是在前言那里引上短短一句。中国学生极喜欢说“do in Rome as Rome does”(入乡随俗)，那么在雅思作文上也请入乡随俗，不管在国外还是国内考试，考的都是英文，自然要按照英文的习惯去行文。英文的习惯就是少引他人之言。

　　此外，有些考生居然勇敢到翻译中文俗语和惯用语的地步，有些所谓的范文竟然翻译独生子女为小皇帝“little emperor”。这种翻译并非是错误的，而是你需要花一定的篇幅去解释“little emperor”是何许人也，如果你不想考官一片茫然从而给你一个恶劣的分数的话。雅思大作文是250字，40分钟，时间和字数都非常有限，你不可能为了如此一个特色词组，而大费笔墨。雅思作文考的是一篇标准作文，而不是特殊作文，或者是特色作文，让考官迅速阅卷，迅速量分是成功的关键，如果让他有思考或者停顿，你就应该需要筹备下一次考试了。

　　拓展：雅思评分标准

　　英国大使馆文化教育处工作人员详细介绍雅思（IELTS）考试的评分标准、分数报告解释及口语、阅读、听力、写作等级评分细则。评分细则还刊登在其网站上随时供考试人员查询。

　　总分/单项分怎样评出

　　按照《IELTS评分标准、分数报告和解释》，考试人员成绩从1~9共分为九个等级。成绩报告单上有听、说、读、写四个部分的分项得分，也有总分，四个部分所得分数的平均分四舍五入之后就是考试人员的总分。

　　总分、听力以及阅读部分的分数可以是整级或半级。例如，如果四项平均分等于或大于6.25分，则计入6的上半级分数，取6.5分；如果平均分等于或大于6.75分，则计入6的上一级分数，取7分。写作和口语部分的分数只按整级计算。

　　听力和阅读部分各包含40道题目，每答对一题得一分。考试人员这两部分的满分原始分均为40分，考试人员依据其原始分获取1~9的等级分。

　　等级分/原始分如何换算

　　部分等级分及其相对应的平均原始分换算表（适用于听力/阅读部分）：

　　听力

　　等级分原始分（个数）

　　5 16

　　6 23

　　7 30

　　8 35

　　阅读（普通）

　　等级分原始分

　　5 15

　　6 23

　　7 30

　　8 35

　　阅读（学术）

　　等级分原始分

　　4 15

　　5 23

　　6 30

　　7 34

　　写作评分细则示例

　　雅思写作通常有Task1和Task2两个部分，考官给以下四项分别评等级分：任务完成情况（Task1）、任务反应情况（Task2）、连贯与衔接、词汇和句式丰富性及语法准确性。

　　以Task1为例，一名在IELTS学术类考试中写作获得6分的考试人员，达到这一等级对应的写作水准是：

　　（A）在任务完成方面，达到写作任务各项要求、能确切选择有用信息进行全面评述、呈现并强调主要特点或要点，但细节可能与要点无关、不恰当或不准确。

　　（B）连贯及衔接方面，信息和分论点安排连贯，论证过程清楚，有效使用衔接手段，但句内或句间衔接有错误或显机械呆板，有时指代不清晰或不恰当。

　　（C）词汇量方面，相对写作任务而言，所运用的词汇量充足，尝试运用非常见词汇但有时出现错误，拼写和构词出现一些错误，但不影响交流。

　　（D）句式多样性及语法准确性方面，混合使用简单和复合句，语法和标点出现一些错误但基本不影响交流。

　　口语评分细则示例

　　同样，在IELTS口语部分，考官也是按四项标准分别评等级分：流利度及连贯性，词汇、句式丰富性及语法准确性和语音。仍以一名获得口语6分的考试人员为例，他所对应的口语水准是：

　　（A）流利度及连贯性方面，愿意进行详细描述，但有时因重复、自我更正或停顿而造成不连贯，运用不同的连接词和语篇标记，但有时不恰当。

　　（B）词汇方面，尽管有时词汇运用不恰当，但词汇量足以详细表述主题，表意清楚，总体上能成功地变换措辞进行复述。

　　（C）句式多样性及语法准确性方面，混合使用简单和复合句式，但不够灵活；使用复合句式时经常出错，但并不因此影响理解。

　　（D）语音方面，总体能听懂，偶尔因发音错误给听者理解造成负担。

　　评分一直受质量监控

　　据《IELTS评分标准、分数报告和解释》，所有雅思评分都由评卷官和考官在考试中心完成。所有评卷官均须事先接受培训，确保理解其评分规定，并且证明其能根据评分标准进行评分。评卷官每两年要重新接受测试，以确保其评分符合标准，每次考试都有系统监测，并对部分答卷进行两次评分。

　　有利考试人员针对性备考

　　据了解，此次公布评分细则，目的是为了便于国外院校、使馆、用人单位等接收有雅思成绩的学生、职员的机构对该考试的有效性有一个更加直观的了解，让他们认识到该考试的科学性以及其测试结果的可靠性。

　　文化教育处工作人员说，对中国考试人员来说，公布评分标准细则意义也很重大，考试人员好好利用将受益匪浅。首先，参照详实的评分细则，学生可以有针对性地备考。其次，评分细则的公布有利于考试人员正确分析自己的考试成绩，减少估分的误差和无效复议——根据雅思考试规则，对分数有疑义的考试人员在成绩公布28天内可以提出复议，但需要缴纳一定的费用。如果复议后成绩确实存在误差，该费用将退还考试人员。

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