2016年11月26日雅思阅读真题回忆
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—、 考试概述
本次考试的文章是两篇旧文章，一篇新文章，难度中等。第一篇讲了新西兰的鱼，第二篇讲了土耳其遗址的发现，第三篇讲了阅读方法的讨论。
二：具体题目分析
Passage 1 :
题目：Right Whales
题号：旧题
文章大意：
介绍新西兰的渔业以及当地鱼类的品种，本土的`淡水鱼类比其他地方少, 很多淡水鱼的鱼种是由北美洲引入的。
Right Whales
They dive 600 feet, brushing their heads along the seafloor with raised，wartlike patches of skin，sometimes swimming upside down^ big as sunken galleons, hot-blooded and holding their breath in cold and utter darkness while the greatest tides on Earth surge by. Then they open their cavernous maws to let the currents sweep food straight in. This is one way North Atlantic right whales feed in the Bay of Fundy between Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Or so the experts suspect, having watched the 40- to 80-ton animals surface with mud on their crowns. Mind you，they say, that could result from another activity-one nobody can imagine yet.
Science calls these animals Eubalaenaglacialis, “good，or true，whale of the ice. Heavy irony is embedded in the common name，right whale，given by whalers who declared them the right whales to kill. Favoring shallow coastal waters, they passed close to ports，swam slowly, and often lingered on the surface. Such traits made them easy to harpoon, and they tended to conveniently float after they died，thanks to their exceptionally thick blubber layer, which whalers rendered into oil. The first of the great whales to be hunted commercially, E. glacialis lit the lamps of the Old World from the Dark Ages through the Renaissance. By the 16th century Europeans had exhausted the eastern North Atlantic population and turned to North America's coast. There whalers set up stations in Labrador and took 25,000 to 40,000 related bowhead whales along with an unknown number of rights (records seldom distinguished between these two similar looking titans).
By the time New Englanders got into the right-whale-killing business, they were chasing leftovers. The Yankees hunted down another 5,000 or so, partly because whales became even more prized for their baleen than for oil. Hundreds of strips of this tough yet flexible material, each six to nine feet long and finely fringed, drape from the upper jaw. They form a colossal sieve that allows the giants to strain tiny crustaceans from the water for food- a billion flea-size copepods a day to supply the minimum 400，000 calories an adult whale needs (the ratio of a whale’s body mass to its prey's is 50 billion to one). Society, however， thought baleen was best used for corset stays, stiffeners in fashionable gowns, umbrella ribs, and (consider: “I’m going to whale on you!") horsewhips.
As the 20th century began, the number of whales left in this species was possibly in the low dozens. Commercial harpooning wasn’t banned until 1935. Their recovery since then might be compared to that of a human victim of a vicious assault: painfully slow progress, offset by relapses，with the ultimate outcome very uncertain.
About 350 to 400 North Atlantic right whales exist today. The survivors migrate along North America's East Coast between feeding grounds in the Gulf of Maine and wintering sites farther south-roughly 1,400 miles one way for pregnant females that journey to traditional calving areas off Georgia and Florida. They travel through an intensely urban stretch of ocean.
A research team from Boston’s New England Aquarium spends the summer stationed in Lubec, Maine，studying the whales that gather to feed and socialize in the Bay of Fundy and nearby Roseway Basin，off Nova Scotia's southern tip. The scientists, who have built an archive of around 390,000 photographs, can recognize nearly every whale in the population by its unique callosity pattern (those wartlike patches on their heads), along with scars and other irregularities, and, increasingly, DNA samples.
One of their favorites is #2223，first seen in these waters in 1992. It was a baby, and so fond of cavorting around boats that they named it Calvin after the mischief-loving cartoon kid. That same year a fisherman reported a calf circling its dying mother, and when the team recovered the carcass of the female, they identified her as #1223-Delilah，Calvin's mom. Her corpse revealed tissues crushed by a powerful collision, probably with one of the cargo carriers plying the shipping channel that used to run straight through the bay's center, where the whales concentrate. The eight-month-old calf's prospects looked grim, for it should have been nursing Delilah's rich, warm milk for several more months.