2016年公共英语五级WSK语法知识精讲汇总

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2016年公共英语五级WSK语法知识精讲汇总

　　2016年公共英语五级WSK语法精讲：动名词

　　【动名词】

　　动名词作主语、宾语和表语

　　1)作主语

　　Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

　　南方与北方开战了。

　　2)作宾语

　　a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语

　　V. + doing sth

　　admit 承认　　appreciate 感激,赞赏　　avoid 避免

　　complete 完成　　consider 认为　　delay 耽误

　　deny 否认　　detest 讨厌　　endure 忍受　　enjoy 喜欢

　　escape 逃脱　　prevent阻止　　fancy 想象

　　finish 完成　　imagine 想象　　mind 介意

　　miss 想念　　postpone 推迟　　practise 训练

　　recall 回忆　　resent 讨厌　　resist 抵抗

　　resume 继续　　risk 冒险　　suggest 建议

　　face 面对　　include 包括　　stand 忍受

　　understand 理解　　forgive 宽恕　　keep 继续

　　举例：

　　(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

　　(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.

　　b. 词组后接doing

　　admit to;　　prefer...to;　　be used to;

　　lead to;　　devote oneself to;　　object to;

　　stick to;　　busy;　　look forward to(to为介词);

　　no good;　　no use;　　It’s worth...;

　　as well as;　　can’t help;　　It’s no use/good;

　　be tired of;　　be fond of;　　be capable of;

　　be afraid of;　　be proud of;　　think of/about;

　　hold off;　　put off;　　keep on;

　　insist on;　　count on / upon;　　set about;

　　be successful in;　　good at;　　take up;

　　3)作表语

　　Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.

　　2016年公共英语五级WSK语法精讲：名词性从句

　　【名词性从句】

　　概念

　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导名词性从句的连接词

　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

　　连接词：that、whether、if不充当从句的任何成分)

　　连接代词：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which.

　　连接副词：when、where、how、why

　　不可省略的连词

　　1. 介词后的连词

　　2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

　　That she was chosen made us very happy.

　　We heard the news that our team had won.

　　比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if 取代：

　　1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

　　2. 引导表语从句

　　3. whether从句作介词宾语

　　4. 从句后有“or not”

　　Whether he will come is not clear.

　　大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。

　　It is not important who will go.

　　It is still unknown which team will win the match.

　　名词性that-从句

　　1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

　　主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。

　　宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

　　表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

　　同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

　　近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

　　形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

　　你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

　　2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

　　It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

　　It’s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

　　用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

　　a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句

　　It is necessary that...　　有必要……

　　It is important that...　　重要的是……

　　It is obvious that...　　很明显……

　　b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句

　　It is believed that...　　人们相信……

　　It is known to all that...　　从所周知……

　　It has been decided that...　　已决定……

　　c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

　　It is common knowledge that...　　……是常识

　　It is a surprise that...　　令人惊奇的是……

　　It is a fact that...　　事实是……

　　d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

　　It appears that...　　　　　　似乎……

　　It happens that...　　　　　　碰巧……

　　It occurred to me that...　　我突然想起……

　　名词性wh-从句

　　1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、when、how、why等连接副词。

　　Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：

　　主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。

　　直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。

　　2016年公共英语五级WSK语法精讲：虚拟语气

　　【虚拟语气】

　　1.概念

　　虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

　　2.在条件句中的应用

　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

　　真实条件句

　　真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。

　　时态关系

　　句型：条件从句+主句

　　一般现在时：shall/will + 动词原形

　　If he comes, he will bring his violin.

　　典型例题

　　The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

　　A.　will rain

　　B. rains

　　C. rained

　　D. is rained

　　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

　　注意：

　　1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.

　　(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

　　(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

　　2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

　　非真实条件句

　　时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

　　a.同现在事实相反的假设。

　　句型：条件从句+主句

　　一般过去时：should(would)+动词原形

　　If they were here, they would help you.

　　b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

　　句型：条件从句+主句

　　过去完成时：should(would)have+ 过去分词

　　If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

　　The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

　　If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

　　If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

　　含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

　　If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

　　含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

　　c.表示对将来的假想

　　句型：条件从句+主句

　　一般过去时：should+动词原形/were+不定式/would+动词原形/should+ 动词原形

　　If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

　　If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

　　If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

　　混合条件句

　　主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

　　(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)

　　If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

　　虚拟条件句的倒装

　　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were、should、或had可将if省略，再把were、should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。

　　Were they here now, they could help us.

　　=If they were here now, they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him

　　=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

　　=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

　　注意：

　　在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。

　　If I were you, I would go to look for him.

　　如果我是你，就会去找他。

　　If he were here, everything would be all right.

　　如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

　　典型例题

　　_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

　　A. If were I

　　B. I were

　　C. Were I

　　D. Was I

　　答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were、should、had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do，而不能说 Weren’t I to do.

　　2016年公共英语五级WSK语法精讲：分词

　　【分词】

　　分词作定语

　　1.分词前置

　　We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日

　　He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人。

　　2.分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii.个别分词如given, left; iii.修饰不定代词something等)

　　There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里

　　This is the question given.这是所给的问题

　　There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西

　　过去分词作定语

　　与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

　　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

　　Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

　　典型例题

　　1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written

　　答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句which is written

　　2)What’s the language ____ in Germany?

　　A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak

　　答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。

　　spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken与language有被动关系。

　　该句可以理解为：

　　What’s the language (which is) spoken in German?

　　分词作状语

　　As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

　　-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

　　由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。

　　If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

　　-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

　　假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。

　　典型例题

　　1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

　　A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed

　　答案B. Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followed by(被...跟随)。

　　本题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

　　2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

　　A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed

　　答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。

　　3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

　　A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat

　　答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的;过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，...

　　注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。

　　(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.

　　2016年公共英语五级WSK语法精讲：情态动词

　　【情态动词】

　　情态动词的语法特征

　　1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

　　2)情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。

　　3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

　　4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

　　比较can和be able to

　　1)can、could表示能力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。

　　2)只用be able to

　　a. 位于助动词后。

　　b. 情态动词后。

　　c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

　　d. 用于句首表示条件。

　　e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。

　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

　　= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

　　注意：could不表示时态

　　1)提出委婉的请求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。

　　-- Could I have the television on?

　　-- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

　　2)在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

　　He couldn’t be a bad man.

　　他不大可能是坏人。

　　比较may和might

　　1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may放在句首，表示祝愿。

　　May God bless you!

　　He might be at home.

　　注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。

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