公共英语四级考试阅读B备考练习

2017年公共英语四级考试阅读B备考练习

　　2017年上半年的公共英语考试已开始复习，为了帮助广大考生更好备考2017公共英语四级考试，下面是yjbys网小编提供给大家关于公共英语四级考试阅读B备考练习，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

　　Part B

　　Read the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] ,[B] ,[C] or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.

　　Text 1

　　Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.

　　As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are

　　already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

　　But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human su'pervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, " says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "

　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of .the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

　　What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain' s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can' t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.

　　36. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in

　　A. the use of machines to produce science fiction

　　B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry

　　C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

　　D. the elite' s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work

　　37. The word "gizmos" ( Line 1, Paragraph 2 ) most probably means

　　A. programs

　　B. experts

　　C. devices

　　D. creatures

　　38. According to the text, what is beyond man' s ability now is to design a robot that can

　　A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery

　　B. interact with human beings verbally

　　C. have a little common sense

　　D. respond independently to a changing world

　　39. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

　　A. make a few decisions for themselves

　　B. deal with some errors with human intervention

　　C. improve factory environments

　　D. cultivate human creativity

　　40. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

　　A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure

　　B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately

　　C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information

　　D. best used in a controlled environment

　　Text 2

　　Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter.

　　The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independent.

　　They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom.

　　Public schools are usually maintained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city.

　　In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used.

　　Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen.

　　Nearly all states give financial aid to local school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts.

　　The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards.

　　41. Which of the following law is related to education?

　　A. The National Defense Education Act.

　　B. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

　　C. The Independence Act.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　42. How did the state control education?

　　A. By setting up certain standard and rules.

　　B. By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age.

　　C. Either A or B.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　43. How did they preserve the freedoem of the schools from political pressure?

　　A. By uniting all the schools into a union.

　　B. By having the federal administration.

　　C. By having separate and independent control.

　　D. By cooperating with the state government.

　　44. People favor the independence of school for the reason that

　　A. people believe that it will ensure the existence of freedom

　　B. people believe that it will deprive the school of the financial aid

　　C. local government can rid itself from the financial burden

　　D. state government is not willing to exert its effort on it

　　45. The school district is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

　　A. larger than city district

　　B. larger than the state district

　　C. the same as the city district

　　D. Both A and C

　　Text 3

　　Karen Rusa was a 30-year-old woman and the mother of four children. For the past several months Karenhad been experiencing repetitive thoughts that centered around her children' s safety.

　　She frequently found herself imagining that a serious accident had occurred; she was unable to put these thoughts out of her mind. On one such occasion she imagined that her son, Alan, had broken his leg playing football at school. There was no reason to believe that an accident had occurred, but she kept thinking about the possibility until she finally called the school to see if Alan was all right. Even after receiving their assurance that he had not been hurt, she described herself as being

　　somewhat surprised when he later arrived home unharmed. Karen also noted that her daily routine was seriously hampered by an extensive series of counting work that she performed throughout each day. Specific numbers had come to have a special meaning to her; she found that her preoccupation with these numbers was hampering her ability to perform everyday activities. One example was grocery shopping. Karen believed that if she selected the first item on the shelf, something terrible

　　would happen to her oldest child. If she selected the second item, some unknown disaster would fall on her second child, and so on for the four children. Karen' s preoccupation with numbers extended to other activities, most notable the pattern in which she smoked cigarettes and drank coffee. If she had one cigarette; she believed that she had to smoke at least four in a row, or one of her children word be harmed in some way. If she drank one cup of coffee, she felt compelled to

　　drink four. Karen acknowledged the unreasonableness of these rules, but, nevertheless, maintained that she felt more comfortable.,When she observed them earnestly, when she was occasionally in too great a hurry to observe these rules, she experienced considerable anxiety, in the form of a subjective feeling of dread and fear. She described herself as tense, uneasy, and unable to relax during

　　these periods. The occurrence of rarely minor accidents does not reduce her belief that she had beendirectly responsible because of her inability to observe the. rules about number.

　　46. The main idea of this passage is to .

　　A. describe a woman who suffered from a psychological disease

　　B. warn the readers against any imagination

　　C. explain the reason why Karen had such fanciful thoughts

　　D. present a case for the readers to study

　　47. Which of the following statements, if true, could most probably cure Karen of the illness?

　　A. Her children were all right.

　　B. She had a job having little to do with numbers.

　　C. She went to a psychoanalyst.

　　D. She gave up smoking and drinking coffee.

　　48. What does the underlined word preoccupation mean?

　　A. The fin'st right to occupy something.

　　B. The first impression.

　　C . The extreme focus of attention.

　　D. The question.

　　49. Which of the following inferences is most probably NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. When Karen was in a great hurry to smoke, she would feel much anxiety.

　　B. If she selected the fourth item on the sheff in a group, the fourth child must experience some unknown disaster.

　　C. Drinking four cups of coffee would make Karen more comfortable than drinking two cups.

　　D. Karen was a mother of four sons.

　　50. The author cited the example of the grocery shopping to

　　A. demonstrate her children' s safety was closely related to the item she selected in the store

　　B. account for Karen' s inability to perform everyday activities

　　C . show how specific numbers were related to the safety of her children

　　D. further explain that Karen was suffering from a psychological illness

　　答案与解析：

　　Part B

　　Text l .

　　阅读赏析

　　本文首先讲述了人们一直以来在制造越来越精巧的工具方面所作出的努力。这一努力的结果是各个领域的机械化。从世界上看来，智能机器已经广泛用于工厂、银行、地铁、医疗等行业。为了更多地节省劳力，科学家们预想让机器模拟人的行为，甚至人的思维。但这一预想在近些年是难以实现的。

　　答案及解析

　　36.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查考生对文首细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】解题的关键在于准确理解第一句话的含义，句中并没有强调the elite精英人才，只提到“people have devised cunning tools”， 因此排除选项D精英人才机智地应付危险和枯燥的工作，而A、B两 项都不符合题中initially最初、最早这一要求，故选C。

　　37.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查考生依据上下文推测词义的能力。

　　【解题要点】本题要判断gizmos这一单词的含义，由第一段提到ro-botics，而“conferring human capabilities oll machines”与修饰gizmos的 定语从句中remove，much human labor相照应，联系上下文句意，giz-mos应该是与机器人有关，因此排除A、B、D，选c。

　　38.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】A强调“fulfill delicate tasks”，第二段最后一句指出，已经 有机器人系统，能完成某些大脑或骨科外科手术，因此排除A;B强 调与人进行言语上的交流，第二段第三句则指出“automated teller ter-minals”可以“thank US with mechanical politeness”，因此8亦被排除; C强调“have a little common sense”，从第三段Dave Lavery的话可以 看出，机器人不是没有common sense，而是没有enough common sense，排除C;只有D符合第三段原意，机器人尚不能“reliably inter-act with a dynamic world”。

　　39.B

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】由第三段第一句可以看出，机器人尚不能“make at least a few decisions for themselves”，故排除A自己作一些决定。C、D在文 中根本没有出现这样的字眼，可不予考虑，而在第三段中，由“We know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”可得出8项正确。40.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查对细节进行推理的能力。

　　【解题要点】本题monkey一词出现在第五段第三句，由“the human mind Can…immediately disregard the 98%that is irrelevant.Instantane-ously focusing on the monkey…”，可看出，这里谈的是人脑能迅速捕捉相关信息，而忽略无关信息，由第四句“the most advanced computer systems on Earth Can’t approach that kind of ability”，可知，最先进的计算机系统都不能有这样的能力，故选C。A、B、D三项都与此例无关，可排除。

　　Text 2

　　阅读赏析

　　本文介绍了美国的教育制度。美国的教育主要是各州的任务，但事实上对学校的控制权仍在地方。美国人支持独立办学的精神，所以尽管学校受地方政府和地方官员领导，但有自己的独立决策权。各州规定学校的区划。在南方，各县的教育董事会由选举产生。一些地方则是由市长或市议会指定。绝大多数地区的教育董事会都尽力让所有的孩子有机会上学，有改变自己命运的机会。各州都对当地校区拨款，联邦政府也有义务援助教育，国防教育法案和基础教育法案都对此有所规定。

　　答案及解析

　　41.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章信息的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】除独立法案在文中没提到，国防教育法及基础和中等教育法在文中都提到过，所以，D项较全面地概括了答案。

　　42.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查文章细节。

　　【解题要点】参看短文第一段，A.B两项，即“建立一定的标准和规则”和“要求孩子在一定年龄前必须上学”，在文中都提到过。

　　43.C

　　【命题目的】本题考查对细节的捕捉和对文章整体的把握。

　　【解题要点】参看第二段最后一句，“他们相信学校系统的独立控制会保持这种自由”，与C项符合。而且，全文都贯彻一种主张学校独立自主的精神。

　　44.A

　　【命题目的】本题考查推理能力。

　　【解题要点】文章一开始就提到“办学自由，不受政治影响”，所以可推知人们支持学校独立是因为认为这样可以保证其自由。

　　45.B

　　【命题目的】本题考查对细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】第三段中第三、四句提到“学校区划有时和城市的边界相同，有时甚至比城市的边界还大”，所以A项和C项都有可能。所以也排除D项。即使从常识推断，也可判断8项是不正确的，因为州向学校拨款，后者不可能比前者大，所以8项不正确。无论用排除法还是正面推理法，都可得出答案是B。

　　Text 3

　　阅读赏析

　　文章主要描述了一个遭受心理障碍困扰的女人。在过去几个月，这位妇女一直受到有关她孩子安全的困扰。她经常发现自己总是在想象发生一系列的严重事故。一次，她对儿子的安全产生怀疑，直到打电话到学校证实儿子安然无恙。在购物时，她每从货架上拿一件物品，便想着自己的一个孩子因此遭殃。她抽烟，喝咖啡，都要连抽4根和连喝4杯。如果做不到，就会很忧虑。这些都说明她由于过分关心孩子，受到了严重的精神困扰。

　　答案及解析46.A

　　【命题目的】本题考查考生归纳中心思想的能力。

　　【解题要点】文章第一段前五句说“在过去几个月，这位妇女一直受到有关她孩子安全的困扰。她经常发现自己总是在想象发生一系列的严重事故。一次，她对儿子的安全产生怀疑，打电话到学校证实儿子安然无恙”。这些足以证明这个妇女深受心理障碍之苦。

　　47.C

　　【命题目的】本题考查细节和推理能力。

　　【解题要点】本题可用排除法，A项“她的孩子安好无恙”，B项“她的工作和数字无太大关系”，D项“她戒烟，且不喝咖啡”，这些都只触及 她心理障碍的表象，不可能治愈她的心理疾病。对于一个遭受心理 障碍困扰的女人，应该“看心理医生”。

　　48.C

　　【命题目的】本题考查结合上下文猜测词义。

　　【解题要点】preoccupation意为“关注”。the first impression意为“第一印象”。即使不知道词义，通过上下文也应推测出这里作者想说，“她对数字的过分关注损坏了日常生活能力”，能达到影响日常生活能力的一定是产生负面影响的活动，只有C项表示出“过分”的含义，所以猜测是该选项。

　　49.D

　　【命题目的】本题考查对信息的捕捉和推理能力。

　　【解题要点】A项是事实，文中倒数第三句有原文表示。文中倒数第六句提到了“这位妇女在抽烟时会感到紧张，要连抽4根烟，因为害 怕如果少抽几根，会给她的孩子带来灾难”，从原文可推测，这是因为 她将自己抽的每一根烟看成自己孩子的安全的象征，漏了哪一个，就都会给哪个孩子带来灾难，这间接说明她有4个孩子，故B项也属 实。根据倒数第五句“她喝了一杯咖啡，那她就一定要连喝到4杯咖啡”，C项符合原文意思。D项说她有4个儿子，文中只说她有4个孩子，不一定都是儿子。

　　50.D

　　【命题目的】本题考查推理判断。

　　【解题要点】文章主要想描述一个受心理疾病困扰的女人，那么作者引用例子的目的是与此相关的选项。A项和C项是妇女所抱有的错误想法，而非作者的引用目的。B项“解释凯伦不能做日常事情的原因”与中心无关。“买东西”的例子说明妇女心里困扰已经到了影响 日常生活的地步，与D项相符。

【公共英语四级考试阅读B备考练习】相关文章：

2017年公共英语四级考试阅读A备考练习05-16

公共英语四级考试阅读备考练习题09-21

大学四级考试阅读备考冲刺练习07-13

2017年公共英语四级考试阅读D备考练习09-17

2024年公共英语四级考试阅读C备考练习06-08

最新公共英语考试四级阅读强化备考练习题11-11

最新公共英语四级考试阅读备考题精选10-29

最新公共英语四级阅读考试备考题09-26

2017公共英语四级考试阅读备考训练07-21