2017年上半年英语六级考试听力训练题

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2017年上半年英语六级考试听力训练题

　　part 1

　　Most people suffering from multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injuries can still move their eyes because they are directly connected to the brain. Some existing technologies already allow severely disabled people to stare at arrows on a computer and direct the movement of a wheelchair.

　　But there are problems with that system, including a delay between the movement of the eyes and the wheelchair.

　　"Current tracking software often uses a screen-based system where you have a screen open and you look at locations on the screen. The problem with that is that it's very simplistic and also diverts the users' attention from the outside world and therefore there's more risk of not noticing obstacles or other things in the way," said Kirubin Pillay, a PhD student at Imperial College London.

　　A team led by Aldo Faisal at Imperial College London has developed software that allows users to maneuver the chair just by looking in the direction they want to take.

　　"Our eyes are not only a window into our soul, they're also a window to our intentions. So if you want to go somewhere, for example if I want to go there, or go there, I will look there and I will look there in a specific manner, and we can build a computer system that can decode our eye movements, and so we observe eye movements with an eye tracker, and we then try to make sense of them, and the computer interprets these commands and drives the wheelchair accordingly,” said Fasial.

　　Two cameras trained on the eyes observe their movements and can determine whether a patient is merely looking around or wants to move in a certain direction.

　　"So essentially we track the pupil of the eye and via a calibration process, we relate that to where the subject's looking in the world around them," explained William Abbott, a researcher at Imperial College London.

　　Visual information detected by cameras is analyzed by algorithms within 10 milliseconds and translated into instructions for movement that's almost instantaneous.

　　The camera-based system costs only about $85 because most of the work is done by the algorithms. No expensive hardware is needed. The London team hopes to make the system commercially available within three years.

　　part 2

　　Ukrainian producers say they are eager to get their products on European shelves. Ukraine’s wages are cheaper than in the European Union, giving Ukrainian producers an advantage but they also have to adhere to strict EU consumer guidelines.

　　Not all Ukrainian goods will be cheap.

　　A pair of locally made speakers can sell for upward of $650, but entrepreneurs like Veronica Sinitsa of Pototskiy Sound Systems looks forward to the agreement opening new doors.

　　"This [creates] some new possibilities. This [opens for us] new markets, some ways to develop without corruption, without some taxation problems. We are very excited because we want our product to be seen, to be bought, and we want people to like it," Sinitsa said.

　　Some of the Ukrainian products on offer are of the more mundane kind, like cat food, soap, and tampons.

　　But their producers, too - among them Alexander Vorobey of Luxus Detergents, have high hopes.

　　“Today, Ukraine may become a second China for the EU and the world, because you can produce goods of high quality and affordable price here,” Vorobey said.

　　Many producers of Ukrainian products say they have developed and tested their products to meet high European standards.

　　A box of 16 Malva tampons, named after the national flower of Ukraine, sells for just under $1, about a quarter of the price in Europe. Oleksandra Salnykova of Malva Tampons says their products are en par with European ones.

　　“We produce our tampons of pure cotton. And when we made some tests of other producers of pure cotton tampons and our tampons, we are equal in quality,” Salnykova said.

　　And there is Ukrainian vodka. Tavern keeper Mikhael Romanov says if he does not drink all the good stuff himself, he may share some abroad.

　　“Probably in Europe or America, some states of America, it is possible. Why not?” Romanov mused.

　　The EU Association Agreement is the same pact pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych turned away from last November, prompting massive street protests which eventually led to his ouster in February and the election of a pro-European president, Petro Poroshenko, in late May.

　　While Yanokovych’s ouster has led to violence in the country’s east where pro-Russian separatists are battling Ukrainian troops, business owners like Salnykova say they hope the worst is over.

　　“We hope that, because of all these events in Ukraine, European people are more loyal to us nowadays, and we think, thanks to it, we will be able to represent our high-quality products in their market,” says Salnykova.

　　While the agreement must still be ratified by Ukraine’s parliament and the legislatures of all 28 EU member states, many already see it as a big step toward a better future for former Soviet republic.

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