大学生英语四级考试阅读理解精选试题及答案解析

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大学生英语四级考试阅读理解精选试题及答案解析

　　大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析 1

　　The world has become a world of cities. With the present rate of urban growth(3. 8% in the Third World) , the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new example and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.

　　This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trend from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1995.

　　The number of people living in shanty-towns (贫富窟) will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions. Africa alone needs to build 12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third "World cities the proportion of people living in shanty-towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year.

　　The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year, with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on cities can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for the high demographic (人口统计的) growth is poverty, the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means.

　　21. If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the main problem the additional people will face is______.

　　A. housing B. food

　　C. poverty D. limited land

　　22. According to the passage, "about US $116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year. " Do you think which year was the article written by saying "less than $ 10 billion per year" by the turn of the century?

　　A. 1985. B. 1990.

　　C. 1988. D. 2000.

　　23. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with______.

　　A. a lot of difficulties

　　B. efforts to improve housing condition

　　C. pressure of the basic needs

　　D. new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods

　　24. In Africa, people in cities will be______by the end of the century.

　　A. almost twice as much as in 1985 B. doubled than that in 1985

　　C. over twice as much as in 1985 D. 300 million

　　25. In spite of the efforts to improve housing condition, the number of people living in shanty-towns will increase because______.

　　A. houses in shanty-towns are cheap

　　B. shanty-towns could provide people with minimum comfort

　　C. no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the present immigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World

　　D. the Third Word population is growing at a rate of about 80 million people per year

　　答案：

　　21. C 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. C

　　大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析 2

　　There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.

　　1.This selection can best be titled_________.

　　a.Measuring Your Intelligence

　　b.Intelligence and Environment c.The Case of Peter and Mark

　　d.How the brain Influences Intelligence

　　2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____. a.human brains differ considerably

　　b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence c.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

　　3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.

　　a.85 b.100

　　c.110

　　d.125

　　4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______. a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level b.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviroment c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain

　　5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______. a.can be predicted at birth

　　b.stays the same throuthout his life

　　c.can be increased by education

　　d.is determined by his childhood

　　答案：bcbcc

　　大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析 3

　　There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.

　　A.if we complete our short-range goals

　　B.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals

　　C.if we write down the dates

　　D.if we put forward some plans

　　2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.

　　A.two years B.long-term goals

　　C.current activities D.the goals that have been completed

　　3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.

　　A.we will win final success

　　B.we are overwhelmed

　　C.we should build up confidence of success

　　D.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.

　　A.we should stick to them until we complete them

　　B.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities C.we had better wait for the exciting news of success

　　D.we have made great decision

　　5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.

　　A.those who habe long-term goals will succeed

　　B.writing down the dates may discourage you

　　C.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination

　　D.every should have a goal

　　答案：adcbc

　　大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析 4

　　Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.

　　1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.

　　a.traffic accidents b.smoking-related desease

　　c.murder d.all of these

　　2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.

　　a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000

　　3.By "dropout" the author means______.

　　a.students who failed the examination

　　b.students who left school c.students who lost their way d.students who were driven out of school

　　4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________. a.NCI has taken effective measures

　　b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors

　　c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer

　　d.none of these