2017年英语四级考试阅读长难句整理复习
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1. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. (2001. 阅读. Text 3)
【译文】我就上了这样的大学，自然比那些在大工程“工厂”的学生更有优势，在那里没有人关心你是否有价值观，是否灵活多变。
【析句】复合句。主句I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students, sure此处是副词。who went to big engineering factories作those students的定语从句，定语从句后又有从句，where they didin't care……作big engineering factories的定语从句，care后是if引导的宾语从句。
2. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. (2001. 阅读. Text4)
【译文】产生这种变化的原因是由于如今全国有数十家公司正在收购废塑料汽水瓶，并把它们变成栅栏柱、粉刷等用品。
【析句】复合句。主句The reason for the change is that+表语从句。表语从句中，主句there are dozens of companies across the country,而buying……and turning……则是现在分词作定语，相当于which buy……and turn……。
3. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life—and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. (2001. 阅读. Text4)
【译文】如果没有人直到如何赋予它们新生命，废物永远是废物——而废物处理不够经济廉价，那么它们的新生命就失去了价值。
【析句】复合句。主句为A discard remains a discard,后面跟有两个until引导的时间状语从句，其中第二个从句在破折号后，进行强调。
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引导的从句在句中作表语。该表语从句中包含if 引导条件状语从句：“要是......”。
译文：比较实际的.结论是，如果全球变暖是一个潜在的灾难，那么唯一的解决办法就是新技术
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干：what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引导条件状语从句，say 后面引号里的直接引语作宾语。主句的主语是what 引导的从句，“紧跟在这个‘但是’之后的内容”;谓语部分是“动词+宾语+补语”结构，ineffective 是宾语补足语。冒号后的内容是对前文的进一步解释，两个引号中的直接引语作主语，谓语部分也是“动词(leaves)+宾语(the person who...)+宾语补足语(现在分词feeling that...)”的结构。
译文：如果你对你的孩子说，“很抱歉我生你的气了，但是......”，这个“但是”后面的话可能会使你的道歉毫无效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我头疼”诸如此类的话使受到伤害的那个人感觉在期待你向他道歉的同时，他应该为他所做的事情而向你道歉。
It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：it has been shown that...
句首It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句作句子的真正主语。主语从句中，主语words后面有一个现在分词短语having...作后置定语;谓语则是“动词(cause)+宾语(us)+补语(to react...)”结构;介词短语in ways...是react 的方式状语。
译文：据表明，具有某些含义的词语可能会使人产生一些反应，而我们认为这些反应是违背我们正常的人性化行为的。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Hancock says...
句中，says 后的内容都作宾语。在该宾语从句中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的两个由and 并列连接的whether 引导的从句。
译文：但是Hancock 说，有一点也很关键，那就是谈话是否被记录下来、可以重新读取，以及谈话是否是实时发生。
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