测控专业英语课文翻译

　　《测控专业英语》从测控技术与仪器专业的角度，选编了关于机械、电子、测量、控制及计算机等方面的英文资料，基本上覆盖了和测控技术与仪器相关的各个领域。《以下是小编整理的测控专业英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。

测控专业英语课文翻译

　　当然，有应用的个人电脑的所有者可能想比仅通过GPIB与各种设备的奇数，提供更高的性能。这种系统通常称为基于PC的工作站。在基于PC的工作站，仪器模块匹配性能和兼容性都聚集围绕PC电脑。基于PC的工作站允许来自多台仪器的数据迅速聚集，存储，作图，分析，并纳入一台PC机上的报告形式。这种类型的系统一般都放在一个制造商合作，以提高性能和涉及的仪器模块之间的合作。

　　There are, of course, applications for which the owner of a PC may want higher performance than that offered by the GPIB alone, with its odd assortment of devices. Such systems are generally referred to as PC-based workstations. In a PC-based workstation, instrument modules with matched performance and compatibility are clustered around a PC computer. The PC-based workstation allows data from multiple instruments to be rapidly gathered ,stored, graphed ,analyzed, and incorporated into report form on a single PC. Systems of this type are generally put together by one manufacturer to enhance performance and cooperation between the instrument modules involved.

　　一个基于PC的工作站的一个例子是惠普推出的PC仪器系统。 PC仪器是一系列的九个专用仪器模块，旨在通过一个专门的接口总线操作惠普触摸屏II个人电脑，IBM PC / XT / AT，AT＆T的电脑6300，或的HP Vectra PC。在PC的仪器提供仪器模块是一个50 MHz的数字示波器，一个12位数字 - 模拟转换器双通道，100 MHz的通用计数器，5 MHz的函数发生器，数字万用表。

　　An example of a PC-based workstation is the PC Instruments system introduced by Hewlett-Packard. PC Instruments are a series of nine dedicated instrument modules designed to operate over a dedicated interface bus by an HP Touchscreen II personal computer ,an IBM PC/XT/AT, an AT&T PC 6300, or an HP Vectra PC. Among the instrument modules available for PC Instruments are a 50-MHz digitizing oscilloscope, a 12-bit dual-channel digital-to-analog converter, a 100-MHz universal counter, a 5-MHz function generator, and a digital multimeter.

　　从仪器模块收集的测试数据直接送入电脑存储，显示和分析。该仪器模块本身有没有米，或显示自己的。所有输出，包括波形显示，通过电脑屏幕上，可同时显示多达八个不同的仪器输出。

　　Test data gathered from the instrument modules are fed directly to the PC for storage, display, and analysis. The instrument modules themselves have no meters or displays of their own. All outputs, including waveform displays, are through the PC screen, and up to eight different instrument outputs may be displayed simultaneously.

　　PC仪器通信与PC通过PC的仪器总线，或PCIB。 PCIB实现一个单一的接口卡插入到PC主板的扩展槽。每个PCIB接口卡支持多达8个仪器模块。安装到计算机中的第二个PCIB，允许为8个额外的仪器模块的支持。

　　PC Instruments communicates with the PC via the PC Instruments Bus, or PCIB. PCIB is implemented with a single interface card that plugs into one expansion slot of the PC motherboard. Each PCIB interface card supports up to eight instrument modules. Installing a second PCIB into the computer permits support for an eight additional instrument modules.

　　PCIB是独一无二的，它支持并行和串行通信（图1）。乍一看，两个通信信道，在一个单一的总线系统的想法似乎是多余的。然而，仔细分析，是实现节约成本和减少冗余。

　　The PCIB is unique in that it supports both parallel and serial communications (Figure 1). At first glance, the idea of having two communications channels in a single bus system appears to be redundant. On closer analysis, however, a cost saving is realized and the redundancy is reduced.

　　在一个典型的GPIB系统，有需要的输入和/或输出接地和计算机隔离，以使可浮动测量的仪器，如电压和电流米。隔离通常是providedby光隔离器的GPIB通信仪器中的数据串行方式使用并行到串行的转换。从仪器的数据，也必须通过使用光隔离串行到并行的转换器传递到GPIB。因此，每一个设备，需要隔离，还需要自己的一双光隔离器和相应的转换器。

　　In a typical GPIB system there are instruments, such as voltage and current meters, that require the inputs and/or outputs to be isolated from earth ground and the computer so that floating measurements can be made. The isolation is typically provided by optoisolators communicating the data from the GPIB side to the instrument in serial fashion using a parallel-to-serial converter. Data coming from the instrument likewise must pass to the GPIB through an optoisolator using a serial-to-parallel converter. Consequently, every device that requires isolation also requires its own pair of optical isolators and respective converters.

　　在PC仪器，测试仪器，可以选择之间的隔离的串行通信通道或更快，非隔离总线并

　　行通信。串行通道的并行到串行和串行到并行转换器被放置在接口卡，从而降低了系统成本，同时提高性能。

　　In PC Instruments, the test instrument may choose between an isolated serial communications channel or the faster, nonisolated parallel communications bus. The parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel converters for the serial channel are placed on the interface card ,thus reducing system cost while improving performance.

　　PCIB并行通信通道（图2）提供高速数据路径为文书，并不需要隔离。数据可传输速率最高可达100K字节/秒，受个人电脑主机的限制。并行通信通道包含一个8位数据路径，两条控制线，与相应的地面回报，是26芯的带状电缆连接个人电脑主机的模块化仪器的一部分。PCIB并行通信通道是向上兼容的GPIB，PC仪器最通用的系统。

　　The PCIB parallel communications channel (Figure 2) offers a high-speed data path for instruments that do not need isolation. Data can be transmitted at rates up to 100K bytes/second, subject to limitations of the host personal computer. The parallel communications channel consists of an 8-bit data path, two control lines, with appropriate ground returns, are part of the 26-conductor ribbon cable that connects the host personal computer to the modular instruments. The PCIB parallel communications channel is also upwardly compatible the GPIB, making PC Instruments a most versatile system.

　　PC仪器的最令人印象深刻的的方面之一是软前面板的系统软件，它提供了一个交互式图形用户手动控制仪器的机制。控制面板也可以直接调用eithej - DOS，BASIC，或任何其他语言，产生正确的反应，因此，贷款使用定制软件程序的计算机自动测试系统。

　　One of the most impressive aspects of PC Instruments is the soft front-panel system software, which provides an interactive graphics mechanism for the user to control instruments manually. The control panel can also be invoked directly from eithej- DOS, BASIC, or any other language that produces the correct response, thus lending the system to computer automated testing using customized software routines.

　　前面板软件模拟传统乐器堆放台式，允许用户同时观看所有的控制模块。它是一件简单的事TD选择一个新的仪器，利用简单的触摸屏，鼠标或键盘输入。

　　The front-panel software emulates a benchtop stacked with traditional instruments,allowing the user to control one module while viewing them all. It is a simple matter tdselect a new instrument using simple touch-screen, mouse, or keyboard inputs.

　　为每个已安装的仪器模块的软件是包含在所有时间内的主机电脑。每个测试模块的`性能进行了优化个人表现及互动合作。数字示波器软件，例如，在当前的PC仪器行是最复杂的，是代表什么系统能够做到的事情。数字示波器]软件包分成五大功能：硬件设置，数据采集和显示，用户界面，测量，并计划控制。

　　The software for each installed instrument module is contained within the host computer at all times. The performance of each test module has been optimized for both individual performance and interactive cooperation. The software for the digitizing oscilloscope，for example, is the most complex in the current PC Instruments line, and is representative of what the system is capable of doing. The digitizing oscilloscope] software package is broken into five major functions： hardware setup, data acquisition and display, user interface，measurements, and program control.

　　硬件设置设置纵向和横向的敏感性，延迟timip耦合输入，采集模式，并触发配置示波器模量被调用时，安装说明在PCIB发送执行示波器modufl。

　　The hardware setup sets the vertical and horizontal sensitivities，delay timip coupling input，acquisition mode，and trigger configuration for the oscilloscope moduli When invoked，the setup instructions are sent over the PCIB to the oscilloscope modufl for execution.

　　数据采集包括以下测量过程，从示波器模块读取一个251字节的数据字符串。根据上述过程中所描述的硬件设置缩放的数据。用户使用前面板的图形，每个屏幕上的设置可能会被修改。因此，在数据显示的变化可飞。

　　Data acquisition consists of reading a 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module following a measurement procedure. The data is scaled according to the hardware settings described in the procedure above. The settings may be modified by the user using the front-panel graphics that are available on every screen. Consequently, change in the display of the data can be made on the fly.

　　测量包包括控制电压和时间标记和自动参数测量上升时间，下降时间的波形分析?时期，频率，脉冲宽度，过冲，前冲，峰 - 峰值电压。这些测量的基础上的251字节的数据从示波器模块的字符串使用直方图来确定的绝对和相对maximum9 minitnum，和个百分点，以及上升沿和下降沿的位置，统计分析。因为统计学的数据显示，而不是身体，它也受到tosoftware处理在大致相同的方式，信号处理与RC Flectronics是IS - 16 COMPUTERSCOPE在本章开头所述。

　　The measurement package includes control of voltage and time markers and waveform analysis for automatic parametric measurements of rise time，fall time? period, frequency, pulse width, overshoot, preshoot，and peak-to-peak voltage. These measurements are based on a statistical analysis of the 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module, using a histogram to determine the absolute and relative maximum9 minitnum, and percentage points, as well as the location of rising and falling edges. Because the data is displayed statistically，not physically，it is also subject tosoftware processing in much the same way that signal processing was done with the R C Flectronics IS-16 COMPUTERSCOPE described at the beginning of this chapter.

　　个人电脑工具软件还允许通过电脑仪器之间的数据交换。例如，在示波器显示屏上看到的变化，可以调整使用软件的反馈循环，函数发生器，继电器执行器等，一个应用程序可能预期随频率变化。通过监测被测设备的输出电压，使用示波器，可自动补偿信号波动的数据字符串和软件处理，函数发生器的输出电平调整。

　　The PC Instruments software also allows for data exchange between instruments via the computer. For example，changes seen on the oscilloscope display can be adjusted using software feedback loops to the function generator, relay actuator, etc. One application may be expected to vary with frequency. By monitoring the output voltage of the device under test, using the oscilloscope，s data string and software processing, adjustment to the output level of the function generator can be made to automatically compensate for signal fluctuations

　　基于PC的工作站，不论是作为一个像惠普PC从GPIB元件组装的仪器系统购买，也非常适用于自动化测试环境。自动测试系统，自动测试设备（ATE）组装，计算机与数字控制的激励和测量仪器接口

　　The PC-based workstation，whether purchased as a system like the Hewlett-Packard PC Instruments of assembled from GPIB components, also lends itself well to automated testing environments. Automated testing systems，assembled from automatic test equipment (ATE), are a result of the computer being interfaced with digitally controlled stimulus and measurement instrumentation.

　　ATE正在迅速取代台式设置，手动控制，使测量的仪器。一旦启动，ATE可以继续在没有外界干预其运作，可以在几秒钟内数以千计的参数测试。 ATE的记录测试数据时，不犯错误，不妥协的测试，不会忘记测试，不累。因此，ATE极大地提高了吞吐量和测量精度。它甚至可以纠正自己的错误，其测量结果比较已知的标准和补偿的区别。

　　ATE is quickly replacing the benchtop setups of instrumentation that were manually controlled to make measurements. Once started, ATE can continue its operation with no outside intervention and can test thousands of parameters in seconds. ATE does not make mistakes when recording test data, does not compromise a test， does not forget tests, and does not get tired. Consequently, ATE dramatically improves throughput and measurement accuracy. It can even correct its own errors by comparing its measurement results to a known standard and compensating for the difference.

　　可分为三大类：台式，专用，通用ATE测试系统。生产半导体和大型电子系统，专用自动测试设备是必要的，尽管沉重，投资。但是，成千上万的小系统和子系统制造商，成本更低的台式PC为基础的工作站是更好的解决方案。

　　ATE test system may be divided into three classes：benchtop, dedicated, and general-purpose. For manufactures of semiconductors and large electronics systems, dedicated automatic test equipment is a necessary, albeit hefty, investment. But for thousands of small systems and subsystems manufacturers, the less costly benchtop PC-based workstation is the better solution.

　　灵活的ATE系统通常由加入由IEEE - 488或RS - 232总线，以纾缓的不兼容问题，可以发生在来自不同供应商的连接部分的现成文书。这种方法的主要优点是，它可以很容易地为多种测试应用程序重新配置，只需更换一个另一台仪器。

　　A flexible ATE system usually consists of off-the-shelf instruments joined by an IEEE-488 or RS-232 bus to relieve the incompatibility problem that can occur in linking parts from different vendors. A major advantage of this approach is that it can easily be reconfigured for a variety of test applications by simply swapping one instrument for another.

　　灵活的ATE测试中，是没有操作员干预的应用一般是完全可编程。尽管如此，其成分也应该允许操作员干预或手动操作时的情况使然。例如，手动操作时，仪器具有功能关闭行轻微的测试任务，为维护或故障排除目的，或系统测试软件的编写和调试是可取的。

　　Flexible ATE is generally fully programmable for applications in which testing is to be done with no operator intervention. Nonetheless，its components should also allow for operator intervention or manual operation when the situation so dictates. For example，manual operation is desirable when an instrument has to function off-line for maintenance or troubleshooting purposes, for minor testing tasks, or for writing and debugging the system test software.

　　到ATE的一个缺点是在编写软件所产生的费用。因为编写软件可配置ATE系统时，最大的单一任务，必须谨慎，在选择编程语言和程序结构。有人估计，软件开发成本可以运行系统成本的90％。一般而言，ATE系统将耗资4至7倍多相当于手动工具。

　　A drawback to ATE is the expense incurred in writing the software. Because writing software can be the largest single task when configuring an ATE system, care must be exercised in the programming language selected and the structuring of the program. In some estimates, the cost of software development can run 90 percent of the cost of the system. Generally, an ATE system will cost four to seven times more than equivalent manual instrument.

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