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who引导定语从句的注意事项

时间:2021-06-29 17:33:34 注意事项 我要投稿

who引导定语从句的注意事项

  定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、不定式等来担任,但如果由一个句子来担任定语,那么这个句子就叫定语从句。在英语中,who可是个人气指数颇高的词,作为疑问代词,who可以引导特殊疑问句;作为关系代词,who可以引导定语从句。今天我们就一道看看who引导定语从句应注意的五个方面。

  一、 who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。如:

  The student who is answering the question is John. 正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。

  Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。

  二、 who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,此时不能省略。如:

  The person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。

  但在非正式英语中,who亦可作宾语,且可以省略。如:

  The man(who)I saw just now is Mr Li. 我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。

  三、 在定语从句中,who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如:

  Do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?

  四、 若先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that而不用who。如:

  He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。

  五、 若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词用that而不用who。如:

  Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。

  Tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的.男孩。

  1.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:

  (1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等

  (2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。

  (3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

  (4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高级同时修饰时

  (5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。

  (6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。 (7) 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。

  (8)There be 句型中先行词指物时。 (9)作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物。

  2. 在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(m)或that,二者常可互换。 但在下列情况中,用who(m),而不用that:

  (1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词.

  (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。

  He who laughs last laughs best. Those who help themselves helped by the God.

  (3) There be 句型中先行词指人时。

  3.关系代词which专用情况:

  (1) 在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,或是两个定语从句一个用that另一个只可用which来引导。

  (2)当先行词指物时且关系代词前有介词时,构成介词+which来引导定语从句

  4.作定语用whose =the+ n+ of which/whom

  5、 as在定语从句中的用法: as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

  (1)as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。 例

  as is well known / as we all know 众所周知; as is said above 正如上面所说;

  as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样;as is reported 如报道所说;

  as has been pointed 如所指出的那样; as is expected 正如所料。

  (2)as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或the same连用,它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

  Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.

  注意:★the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。例如:

  This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。(相似物)

  This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。(同一物)


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