同学仍然只固守这个初中版本的表达法让人审美疲劳，英语写作中语言和句子的常见错误，当形容词不能分别来修饰时这就叫相重或累积形容词，用逗号隔开过渡语插入语独立短语和对比成分。
作文中常见句子错误分析
1.非独立性从句单独成句
WemusttryhardtolearnEnglishwell.Becauseitwillbeveryusefulinourfuturework.
2.现在分词独立成句
Theygotupearlythatmorning.Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing.Revisedversion:Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing,theygotupearlythatmorning.
3.细节补充独立成句
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments.Suchastelephone,electric,andgasbill.
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments,suchas…
4.无主句
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoney.Andwoulduseittobuyanicehouse.
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoneyandwoulduseitto1
buyanicehouse.
5.不间断句子run-onsentence.这个错误常常出现在原因段与建议段的topicsentence
Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.
Tosolvethisproblem,therearesomemeasurescanbetaken.
Whatisthereasonleadtothesituation?补充：经典的原因与建议的句子如下
causes1.Therearemanyforthisreasons
dramaticgrowth/decrease.First,...Second,...Finally,...
2.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein...
OrThereareseveralfactorsaccountingfor/contributingtothisphenomenon.
3.Anothercontributoryfactorof...is...
4.Whyaredodid...?...Foranother,...Foronething,Onereasonis....Anotheris....2
5.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthisproblem.
6.Thecausesofmentalhealthproblemsoftenvaryalotfromonecasetoanother.
建议措施：
1.Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.
2.Hence,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures/steps.
3.Solutiontotheproblemrequiresjointeffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents
4.Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolthisproblem.
http://www.oh100.com
6.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
6．受汉语负迁移的影响，标点符号用错，首字母大小写也不注意，从而导致英语句子错误。
Tosolvethisproblem.Somemeasuresmustbetaken.First.Thecollegesshould…
First,mostgraduatesprefertostayinlargecitiesthaninthecountryside,however,countrysidecanbelookeddownuponbycollegegraduates,italsoofferssomeopportunitiestostudents.
7.机械地逐字对译
Ifyoumeetsometrouble,youcanlookfor(turnto)thepoliceman
Inrecentyears,alotofcollegestudentshasbeenincreasingquickly,atthesametime,collegestudentsarehardtohuntingforjobs.
Revisedversion:Inrecentyears, http://www.oh100.com nsequently,many
astudentfindsitincreasinglyhardtohuntasatisfactoryjob.
8.出现太多的陈腔滥调，要培养学生多用加分词汇的意识。
So—therefore,consequentlysame---identical
But—howeverenough—sufficient,adequate
Agree—approvedeep—profoundgive---offer
Reduce---cutdownonatlast---eventuallyoften---frequently
Ability—competence,capabilitymany---asignificantnumberof
Like---favorthinkof–comeupwithmethod---approach
Beautiful---handsome,charming,attractive
Becauseof---thanksto,owingto,dueto,beresponsiblefor
9.Itis+important+forsb+todosth句式在四级作文中利用率比较高，但很多
同学仍然只固守这个初中版本的表达法，让人审美疲劳。不妨给升华一下,两种方法任选其一。
其一：Itisof+n.+forsbtodosth
Itisimportant/necessary/usefulforustolearnEnglishwell.
Itisofgreatimportance/necessityforustolearnEnglishwell.
其二，用加分形容词如essential，crucial，beneficial等
高中英语常见句子错误分析
高中英语常见句子错误分析
1.run-onsentence-串句-
标点使用和连词造成的语义混乱。
Ritadecidetostopsmokingshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(wrong)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking;shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking.Shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking,forshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
2.fragmentarysentence-破句-
每个句子原则上都应有主语和谓语，否则就不能表达完整的
意思。
1）dependent-wordfragments-从属连词引起
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.Icheckedintoaroom.(wrong)
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus,Icheckedintoaroom.(correct)
2）—ingfragment-动词的ing形式引起
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday.Tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(wrong)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,andtriedtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
3）tofragment-不定式引起
Iplanonworkingovertime.Togetthisjobfinished.(wrong)Iplanonworkingovertimetogetthisjobfinished.(correct)
4）added-detailfragment-添加细节引起缺少主语或是谓语。Hefailedanumberofcoursesbeforeheearnedhisdegree.Amongthem,English1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(wrong)
AmongthecourseshefailedbeforeheearnedhisdegreewereEnglish1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(correct)
5）missing-subjectfragment-少主语
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(wrong)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel,andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(correct)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andshewonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.
(correct)
3.faultyparallelism-错误平行结构
Sheworksdiligentlyandatnight.(不对等)
1）andwho/andwhichconstruction-
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligent,andwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(w)
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligentandwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(c)
2）correlativeconjunction-关联词
HewantseithertostudyEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(w)
HewantstostudyeitherEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(c)
3)makingaseriesofparallel-连续平行
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,andthenwewenttosleepaftereatingourlunch.(w)
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,ateourlunch,andwewenttosleep.(c)
4)watchingincorrectomission-警惕不正确的省略
Healwayshasandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(w)
Healwayshascompetedandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(c)
5)comparisonsusingthanoras-用than或as引起
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul.(w)
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul’s(learning).(c)
4.misplacedmodifier-修饰语错置
Billyelledatthehowlingdoginhisunderwear.(w)
Bill,inhisunderwear,yelledatthehowlingdog.(w)
5.danglingmodifier-垂悬修饰语
Afterthreehoursofpractice,alargemugofbeerwaswhatthethirstydancerswanted.(w)
Afterpracticingforthreehours,thethirstydancerswantedalargemugofbeer.c)
英语写作中语言和句子的常见错误
英语写作中语言和句子的常见错误
(一)逗号的使用问题
逗号是用来帮助读者更好地进行阅读的。没有逗号句子就会发生碰撞，或者引起误解。例：
误解：IfyoucookElmerwilldothedishes.
误解：Whilewewereeatingarattlesnakeapproachedourcampsite.
在合乎逻辑的地方加上逗号(aftercookandeating),立刻一切就会变明白了。就不会错误地理解成为Elmerbeingcooked,therattlesnakebeingeaten.
1)在等立复合连接词连接两个或多个句子的时候，在等立复合连接词前面加逗号。如:and、but、or、nor、for、so和yet。
Nearlyeveryonehasheardofloveatfirstsight,butIfellinloveatfirstdance.
一个表示引导的短语或句子后面用逗号(这个引导的短语或句子一般作状语)。
WhenIrwinwasreadytoeat,hiscatjumpedontothetable.
Nearasmallstreamatthebottomofthecanyon,wediscoveredanabandonedshelter.在表示状语的句子或短语比较短的情况下，一般不用逗号。
Innotimewewereat2,800feet.
当分词短语在句首做状语，主要用于描述后面句子中紧跟着它的名词或代词时，要用逗号隔开(不管句子的长短)，这个逗号主要告诉读者他们就要明白这个人或事情的身份或情况了。
Knowingthathecouldn'toutrunacar,Kevintooktothefields.
Excitedaboutthemove,AliceandDonbeganpackingtheirbooks.
注：其他表示引导的还有连接副词、过渡词和独立短语。
3)表示一系列的项目时要用逗号(三个或更多个)，这个项目可以是单个字、短语或者从句。
AtDominique'sonecansgroupsfilletofrattlesnake,bisonburgers,orpickledeel.
Myunclewilledmeallofhisproperty,houses,andwarehouses.
Theactivitiesincludeasearchforlosttreasure,dubiousfinancialdealings,muchdiscussionofancientheresies,andmidnightorgies.
4)在几个并列形容词之间用逗号或用and,而在相重或累积形容词前面不用逗号。当两个或多个形容词来分别修饰一个名词时，它们叫做并列形容词。
Motherhasbecomeastrong,confident,independentwoman.如果它们能够用and来连接(strongandconfidentandindependent)，就叫做并列形容词。
当形容词不能分别来修饰时，这就叫相重或累积形容词。
Threelargegrayshapesmovedslowlytowardus.
并列形容词：Robertisawarm,gentle,affectionatefather.
相重(累积)形容词：Iraorderedarichchocolatelayercake.
5)用逗号隔开过渡语、插入语、独立短语和对比成分。
过渡语包括连接副词，如:however、therefore和moreover。
过渡短语:forexample,asamatteroffact,inotherwords等。
Minhdidnotunderstandourlanguage;moreover,hewasunfamiliarwithourcustoms.Naturalfoodsarenotalwayssaltfree;forexample,celerycontainsmoresodiumthanmostpeoplewouldimagine.
当连接副词或过渡语出现在句子的一开始或者出现在一个独立句子的中间时，它经常要用逗号隔开。
Theprospectivebabysitterlookedverypromising;shewasbusy,however,throughoutthemonth
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ofJanuary.
Asamatteroffact,Americanfootballwasestablishedbyfanswhowantedtoplayamoreorganizedgameoffootball.
注：如果连接副词或过渡语已经和句子融为一体，在阅读时无需停顿，就不再需要逗号了。
它们是:also、atleast、certainly、consequently、indeed、ofcourse、nodoubt、perhaps、then和
therefore.
Bill'stypewriterisbroken;thereforeyouwillneedtoborrowSue's.
插入语：提供补充评论或信息，常常出现在句中或者句末。
Evolution,asfarasweknow,doesn'tworkthisway.
Thestripedbaweighedabouttwelvepounds,giveortakeafewounces.
独立短语：独立短语常常修饰整个句子，它常常是一个名词加一个分词或分词短语。Histennisgameatlastperfected,Chriswonthecup.
Brendawasforcedtorelyonpublictransportation,hercarshavingsbeenwreckedtheweekbefore.
对比成分：以not和unlike开始的显明对比成分应用逗号将其隔开。
NowthatIammarried,Janetalkstomeasanadult,notasherlittlesister.
Celia,unlikeRobert,hadnoloathingfordancecontests.
6)用逗号隔开直接称呼名词，yes和no，反意疑问句的反问部分，以及温和感叹词。Forgiveus,Dr.Spock,forspankingBrian.
Yes,theLoanwillprobablybeapproved
Thefilmwasfaithfultothebook,wasn'tit?
Well,caseslikethesearedifficulttodecide.
7)用逗号将动词和直接引语隔开。
NaturalistArthurClevelandBentremarked,“Inparttheperegrinedeclinedunnoticedbecauseit
isnotadorable.”
Convictionsaremoredangerousfoesoftruththanlies,wrotePhilosopherFriedrichNietzsche.
8)用逗号将日期、地址、头衔和数字隔开。
日期：在日期中要用一对逗号将年和句子的其他部分隔开。
OnDecember12,1890,ordersweresentoutforthearrestofSittingBull.
注：如果日期前置或者只有年和月则不用逗号。
TherecyclingplangoessintoseffectonApril1993.
January1992wasanextremelycoldmonth.
地址：地址中的成分或地点名称后面用逗号。邮编码前不用逗号。
JohnLennonwasborninLiverpool,England,in1940.
PleasesendthepackagetoGregTarvinat708Springstreet,Washington,Illinois61571.称号、头衔：名字后面有称号，那么就要用一对逗号将称呼隔开。
SandraBarnes,M.D.,performedthesurgery.(M.D.医学博士)数学：后面用逗号。3，500〔or3500〕100，000
(二)句子不完整
在写作中一定要写完整的句子，即每个句子必须有它的动词(be动词或者实义动词)。一个完整的句子的结构应
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该是：1主语+谓语+宾语；2主语+谓语+状语；3主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语等句子形式。
1)Smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(错)
Theyhaveinventedsmallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(正确)
2)TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.SuchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(错)
TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.suchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(正确)
注：hence后面可以直接跟名词而独立成句。
(三)避免粘连句
粘连句就是指用逗号连接数个独立的分句。
例：Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse,shesurprisedHanselandGreteltheywereeatingpartsof
herhome.(错)
该句中有3个主语(oldwoman,she,they)，三个动词(lived,surprised,和wereeating)，分句可以用句号，
分号(而不是逗号)或使用连接词。最普通的连接词是:and,but,so和or。连接代词有who,which,和that，还有表
示时间连接词:before,after,when和soon。
上句可以改为：
①Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse.ShesurprisedHanselandGretel.Theywereeatingpartsofher
home.
②AnoldwomanlivedinthehouseandshesurprisedHanselandGretelandtheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
③TheoldwomanwholivedinthehousesurprisedHanselandGretelwhiletheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
While和who就使句子的逻辑比②句就清楚明白得多了。
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