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后置定语从句

时间:2022-01-27 14:50:47 英语 我要投稿

后置定语从句

  后置定语是英语和汉语中不可或缺的重要语法内容之一,而英语后置定语在构成上比汉语后置定语要更加多样化,下面是小编整理的什么是英语的后置定语,欢迎阅读。

  后置定语从句1

  什么是英语的后置定语

  定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。例:This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。一般情况下,修饰名词或代词的词多放在被修饰词之前,但在以下几种情况下,修饰名词或代词的定语却放在它们之后,这种定语我们称之为后置定语。

  英语后置定语的讲解

  一、形容词作疑问词的后置定语

  修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时,修饰语要后置。例如:

  1)What important would you like to talk about?你将谈论什么重量的事情?

  2)Who else will go with us?还有谁将和我们一起去?

  3)Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观?

  二、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语

  当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。例如:

  1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。

  2)Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗?

  3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的`人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。

  三、enough作后置定语

  enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。例如:

  1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。

  2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。

  但enoush(odv.)修饰形容词或副词时,须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:good enough (足够好的),large enough(够大的),fast enough(够快),well enough(相当好)。

  四、部分副词作后置定语

  above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活动,进行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(离开的)等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。例如:

  1)The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云开始密集起来。

  2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的平原。

  3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出总去看他们。

  五、介词短语作后置定语

  the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟

  the map on the wall墙上的地图

  the development of China中国的发展

  the standard of living生活水平

  the south side of the Changjiang river长江两岸

  the way to the hotel去旅馆的路

  the life in the future未来的生活

  六、动词不定式作后置定语

  1.在某些名型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如:

  1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。

  2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。

  3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前,享受在后。

  4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。

  5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。

  6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。

  2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如:ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句:

  1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗?

  2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。

  3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利!

  4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。

  3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句和后置定语。例如:

  (1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。

  (2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中,她谈到了她的美国之行。

  (3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。

  另外,动词不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语:

  1)She must have time in which to pack.她必须有时间收拾行李。

  2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他还有一把防身用的左轮。

  3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫长夜可以用来学习。

  七、分词短语作后置定语

  1.现在分词短语作后置定语。例如:

  1)There is a lady asking to see you.有位女士要求见你。

  2)The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁边的是我表妹。

  3)Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.这儿有一张地图,告诉你怎样去火车站。

  2.过去分词短语作后置定语。例如:

  1)What did you think of the play put on by the students?你认为学生们上演的话剧怎么样?

  2)She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我们自己培养的护士。

  3)What is the language spoken in svain?西班牙使用的是什么语言?

  3.部分过去分词也可以作后置定语。例如:

  left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held, arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed, arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed,等等。例如:

  1)Is there anybody injured?有人负伤吗?

  2)The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.剩余的钱不够这么多人用的。

  3)She liked all the courses offered.她对所开的课程都很喜欢。

  4)The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验将我们很有价值。

  八、定语从句作后置定语

  1)The girl I saw told me to come back today.

  2)This house, for which he paid $ 150,000,is now worth $3000,000.这所房子他买时花了15万美元,现在值30万美元。

  3)Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.星期天是假日,这一天人们不上班。 学习、理解和掌握英语后置定语,并能够清楚地区分和使用各种后置定语的用法是十分重要的,对学习英语,理解英语文章

  后置定语从句2

  一、初识后置译法

  英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的,因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。而对于起限定作用的定语从句,如果结构较为复杂,句子太长,无法译成前置定语,最好就是译成一个后置的并列分句,这样会更合乎汉语的习惯。

  【例】

  Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

  我们的反恐战争是一场意志力的较量。在这场较量中,不屈不挠的精神就是力量。

  I propose to offer a theory which , as far as I am aware , has not previously been set forth , that only those animals capable of speech are capable of laughter , and that therefore man, being the only animal that speaks , is the only animal that laughs.

  我试图提出一种理论,这种理论就我所知,还未曾有人提出过,那就是:只有能说话的动物才会笑。人是唯一能说话的动物,所以也是唯一会笑的动物。

  二、后置翻译的方法

  1.后置译法一

  结构较为复杂的定语从句,经常翻译为后置的并列分句,在多数情况下要重点的翻译先行词,当句子不长时,出于某种原因需要强调先行词时,也需要重译先行词。

  【例】

  Two factors are particularly important in the history of inventions .One is the part played by inspiration , which can be far more vital than that of careful research.

  在发明史上有两个因素特别重要。其一是灵感的作用,这可能比苦心钻研的作用要重要的多。

  Days and nights are very long on the moon , where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

  在月亮上,白天和黑天都相当长,月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。

  2.后置译法二

  有些定语从句汉译时翻译成后置成分,但不可重译先行词,译文仍然符合汉语习惯。

  I was contemptuously dismissed as a novice who had not read the great first volume of Marx’s Capital.

  他们轻蔑地说我是个新手,连马克思的《资本论》第一卷这部重要著作也没读过。

  Both picnics and barbeques are friendly , informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

  野餐和烧烤都是友情洋溢、不拘礼节的社交活动,可以让大家在户外一个怡情的环境里高高兴兴地美餐一顿。

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