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定语从句that的用法

时间:2022-01-20 16:01:25 英语 我要投稿

定语从句that的用法

  “定语从句,是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中,定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。下面是小编整理的定语从句that的用法,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

  (一)定语从句that的用法

  that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。

  一、that指代某物事时

  1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:

  We'll do allthatwe can to protect the endangered plants and animals.

  我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。

  There is muchthatI wan to tell you.

  我有很多想要告诉你的话。

  Is there anythingthatI can do for you?

  有什么我可以帮你的吗?

  2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:

  You can borrow any bookthatyou want to read in our school library.

  在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。

  3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:

  This is the most beautiful citythatI've ever seen.

  这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。

  4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:

  This is the very factorythatthey visited last summer holiday.

  这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。

  This is the only painting in this stylethatwe have.

  这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。

  5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:

  He talked happily of the writer and his booksthatinterested him.

  6.先行词前有the same修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:

  This is the same pursethatI lost yesterday.

  这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。

  注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:

  This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

  这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。

  7.先行词为数词时。

  Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the twothatyou bought me for my birthday.

  瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。

  8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:

  They built a factory which produced thingsthathad never been seen.

  他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。

  9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。

  Which is the busthatyou will take?

  你要乘的是哪一班车?

  10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:

  My hometown is no longer the placethatit used to be.

  我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。

  11.关系代词在there be句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:

  This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

  这是有史以来最快的列车。

  二、that指代某人时。

  1.泛指某人时。如:

  He is a manthatis never at a loss.

  他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。

  2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:

  Who is the personthatis talking with our headmaster?

  和我们校长说话的那人是谁?

  3.先行词前有the same时。如:

  This is the same manthatgave us a talk last year.

  这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。

  4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:

  He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

  他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

  另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:

  I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

  我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

  Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

  这就是他们开会迟到的.原因吗?

  We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.

  我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。

  This is the first timethatI have been abroad for traveling.

  这是我第一次到国外去旅游。

  (注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)

  当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句,that常可以省略。

  I don't the way you speak to her.

  我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。

  (二)特殊情况:

  只能用that的情况,

  先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;

  先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;

  先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;

  先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

  先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;

  先行词有人又有物时;

  当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

  不能用that的情况

  介词前置时;

  非限定性定语从句中

  先行词本身是that

  多用who,不用that的情况

  先行词为anyone,one,ones时;

  先行词为those,he和people时;

  这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:

  (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)

  注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。

  2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)

  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:

  (1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)

  (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)

  注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。

  2、whose

  (只用作定语)

  “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

  例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲)

  He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)

  关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语。

  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

  2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有的则放在它前面的位置。

  3. 代表物时的that常被省略;

  c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;

  e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“why”时。

  (三)特定选择

  关系词

  1、只用that不用which

  1)当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级,关系词用that。

  2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。

  3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that。

  4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that。

  5)当先行词为something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代词时用that。

  2、只用who不用that

  1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who

  2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时。

  3、只用which不用that

  1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。

  2)非限定性定语从句,用which。

  3) 描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years。

  4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。

  5)先行词本身是that时,用which。

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