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定语从句翻译

时间:2021-07-04 12:16:07 英语 我要投稿

定语从句翻译

  复杂定语从句翻译

  所谓复杂的定语从句,是指一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。这类定语从句在结构上与先行词的关系比较复杂,有如下几种形式:

  1.自由式定语从句

  自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式,在句中充当不同的句子成分,故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看,其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句,因此,其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。

  如:

  Thus the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

  人们开始理由充分地认为,阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团;伍麦叶王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

  该句中由which和that 引出两个定语从句,分别修饰做主语用的the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs 和作宾语用的 a parasitic clique,翻译时一个被译成并列句,一个被译成定语。

  2.嵌套式定语从句

  嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似,拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句,只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。因此,其翻译也与简单的定语从句相同。这里也仅举一例加以说明:

  一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范,均修饰一个先行词,在翻译时,虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法,但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来,有如下几种情况:

  1)译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语,也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词,或分别修饰重复的先行词。

  and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

  古老的谋生之道正受到新的.农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战;这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易,而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。(并列的定语)

  Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.

  近代史开始时,世界拥有的每一项重大成就,已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。(分开的定语)

  And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.

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