被动语态的定义及其应用

　　被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。下面是百分网小编给大家整理的被动语态的简介，希望能帮到大家!

　　被动语态的定义

　　在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。需要注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意：那些汉语中有“被……”的短语往往又不是被动语态，而是主系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：“known to me的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动语态往往由“by”引出，而有用介词“by on foot”步行(美国人有时用“by foot”)，“in carriage”(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be carried”等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动语态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确“将来进行无被动，现在完成时进行同”。这两种时态无被动形式。

　　另外，不及物动词带有同原宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂。下面口诀就以动词“do”为例，即“do、did”过去式“done”过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态。一定对你有所启示。当然了，被动语态也可以概括为“be done”。也就是“be+过去分词”。

　　被动语态的应用

　　一般用法

　　1.一般现在时的`被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词

　　Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

　　I am asked to study hard by my mother.

　　Knives are used for cutting things.

　　2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

　　The new shop was built last year.

　　Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

　　3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词

　　This book has been translated into many languages.

　　Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

　　4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　A new hospital will be built in our city.

　　Many more trees will be planted next year.

　　5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　Young trees must be watered often.

　　Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

　　The door may be locked inside.

　　Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

　　6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词

　　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

　　My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

　　They are planting trees over there. →

　　Trees are being planted over there by them.

　　7.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　There are two books to be read. →

　　There are twenty more trees to be planted.

　　特殊用法

　　1.不及物动词无被动语态。如：happen, break down, come out......

　　What will happen in 100 years.

　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

　　2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： write, sell, ride.....

　　This pen writes well.

　　This new book sells well.

　　3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。

　　例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

　　4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

　　5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

　　构成

　　be+done.

　　被动语态的口诀

　　一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。

　　完成时态have(has)done，被动将been加中间。

　　一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为be done。

　　将来进行无被动，shall(will)be doing。

　　现在完成时，被动 have(has)been done。

　　现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。

　　情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

　　否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。

　　主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

　　一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。

　　复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

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