大学英语语法之直接引语变间接引语
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2) 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come –go
直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解
定义:直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:He said:" It is too late."
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例:He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一:人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。
例如:
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."
间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.
第二:时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。
注意:
1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
例如:Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如:She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四:句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时,用that连接。
如:She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要加连词if或whether。
例如:She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us: "Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如:"How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4.祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。
一改:said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变:said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加:即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式
四去:去掉please
例:He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
He asked her not take the book away.
5.感叹句变为间接引语
"What awful weather it is!" she said.
She complained about the awful weather.
"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
He praised me that I was a bright girl.
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