简析平行结构与独立主格结构
导语：平行结构是指在论证某个观点或论题时，将其分解成具有一定联系的几个方面来加以论述，而这几个方面都是从属于中心论题或观点的，它们之间地位平等，呈平行关系。而独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。 下面YJBYS小编向大家介绍平行结构与独立主格结构，欢迎参考!
平行结构
1、连词连接的平行结构
1)并列连词and.but.as well as.or else,both and.either or,neither
nor.not only but also,whether or,rather than等以及从属连词than均可连接平行结构。
e.g Shs is a beautiful and elegant woman.她是一位美丽而优雅的女子。
2)连接的非谓语动词形式一致
e.g Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
有人觉得游戏远比坐在家里读书有趣。
3)连接的谓语形式一致
e.g This is the lady who listens to the poor and ministers to their wants.
这就是那位能倾听穷人意见并照顾他们需要的女士
4)连接的句子结构一致
e.g He asked me whether I had received the check and whether I had cashed it.
他问我是否收到了支票并把它兑换成现金了。
2、特定的平行结构
1)prefer后面接的'平行结构 prefer to do sth
prefer sth.go sth
prefer doing(sth).to doing(sth) prefer to do(sth)rather
than do(sth)
2)在would /had rather/sooner以及would/had as soon as 结构中要用平行结构
would/had as soon do (sth ) as do (sth)
e.g I would as soon stay at home as go shopping. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去逛街购物
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。 例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn\' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。 (原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn\' t open. 例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。 Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。 (时间)改为从句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand. The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。
If weather permits, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with
引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian\' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，******广场显得美丽动人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:
1) My work having been finished, I went home. ---My work h
having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes. ---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn\' t know what time it was. ---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold. --- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
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