专四专八英语中19种修辞及例句
引导语：专四专八英语中的19中修辞及其例句，由应届毕业生培训网整理而成，希望能给大家带来帮助，谢谢您的阅读。
一、Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
二、Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
三、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
四、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
五、Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
六、Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
七、Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1.I beg a thousand pardons.
2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
八、Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
九、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
十、.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
2.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
十一、Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2."Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
十二、Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的'双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.