考研英语写作需要掌握哪些语法结构

　　单词语法是英语学习的基础，要写好作文，这两样同样举足轻重。要想作文的句子写的高水准，大家就必须要对单词的掌握足够熟练，对语法的拿捏要到位准确。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语写作语法结构的相关资料，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语写作需要掌握哪些语法结构

　　考研英语写作的语法结构

　　▶1. 主动句变被动句

　　“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。

　　Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传

　　Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …

　　Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议

　　Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

　　Eg5：Students should study hard.

　　Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

　　▶2. 简单句变从句

　　名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句

　　A. 主语从句：

　　Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

　　Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)

　　B.宾语从句：

　　Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

　　Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

　　Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

　　C. 表语从句：

　　Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

　　Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

　　D. 同位语从句

　　Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)

　　Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

　　E. 含同位语句式

　　A.人身份

　　Eg. I am convinced that …

　　As a college student, I am convinced that …

　　I, as a college student, am convinced that …

　　B. 物性质

　　Eg. A strong will brings us power …

　　As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

　　A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

　　插入语

　　Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

　　The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

　　Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

　　The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

　　Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

　　Others, even so, hold a different view.

　　Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)

　　Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

　　F. 定语从句：

　　步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

　　2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when

　　Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

　　Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

　　▶3. it 句式

　　A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …

　　Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

　　Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

　　Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

　　Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.

　　B. 形式宾语

　　Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

　　Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

　　Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

　　▶4. 强调句

　　A. 强调谓语：

　　Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

　　Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

　　Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

　　B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

　　【步骤】

　　a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。

　　b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who，其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。

　　【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。

　　Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

　　It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

　　It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

　　Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

　　(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

　　Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

　　It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

　　▶5. 倒装

　　A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

　　Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.

　　B. Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装。

　　Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

　　Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

　　Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

　　Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

　　Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

　　Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

　　C.As/though倒装形式

　　Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

　　Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

　　Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

　　Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

　　Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

　　Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

　　▶6.双重否定：

　　Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

　　In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

　　Eg2：A strong will is very important.

　　The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

　　Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

　　Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

　　▶7. Ving/ved 状语

　　A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。

　　Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

　　I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

　　Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

　　Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

　　Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

　　Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

　　B.两个动作主语一致，但前后发生，则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。

　　Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

　　Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

　　▶8. 排比结构

　　Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

　　Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

　　Eg3：作为一种重要素质，自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。

　　As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

　　考研英语中应用文写作，通过模板句型，经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数，因为“言简意赅”就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level，只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动考官，需要在原有的结构上进一步创新，让考官看的跌宕起伏，还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。

　　考研英语作文拿高分的策略

　　一、背诵、默写范文

　　背诵不能不说是积极备战快速提高写作成绩的一条捷径。考生可以选择历年真题的范文和一些与真题作文相近的文章进行背诵。同时，基础稍好些的同学，可以背一下小作文的优秀模板，及大作文的模板框架和句式，然后依据模板进行训练。

　　语言要求：

　　用词准确：用词准确是最基本的要求之一。

　　语法正确：语法错误是考试的失分点所在，在小作文的写作中应尽量少用缩略语和口语。

　　句型多变：既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句。

　　小作文的考查要求中会体现出文章的背景场合和写作目的，考生应针对不同情境选择不同表达。不同的应用文有不同的用语，建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语加以熟悉和背诵，以便运用自如。

　　二、活用模板，注重素材的积累，适当加入自己的内容。

　　我们在初练写作的时候套用模板是正常的事情，也是一个必经的过程，只有先试用别人的东西，才能学习和积累写作素材。模板要活学活用，不要一字不差的照抄无误，而是要根据自己所要表达的内容进行更改。写作不一定要字字句句都是难词，长句，而是要学会运用一些常见词的常见短语去表达，这样才能真正显示写作的水平。这就要求学生在平时的学习中注意积累常用的短语或者词组，以备写作之用。

　　另外，关于写作素材，不仅仅指写作常用的词汇，句型或者语法结构，还要包括所用的事例。比如：2001年的写作真题，要求写“爱心”，第二段要求用实例证明主题。有的考生见题就写“我考试面临很大的压力，我的朋友是如何帮助我排解压力的”，这显然就是素材贫乏造成的后果。题目中的“爱心”是指“大爱”，陌生人互帮互助的心态。如果写“汶川地震，希望工程”这类事例，显然非常符合题目要求，而且事例又广为人知，比写“朋友如何帮助我”更生动，更有说服力。因此，在平常的练习中要注意从阅读中积累素材，积累词句，而不要仅仅局限于模板之中。

　　三、使用谚语，增加闪光点

　　有些意志品质类的文章，如果加入一句相关的谚语会让你的文章大放光彩。但是不能直接写句子。加一个模板句型：An ancient oriental philosopher said，“谚语”：一位古老东方的先哲曾经说过，……。有同学说西方的谚语为什么用东方的先哲呢?比如：Where there is a will, there is a way.是西方的谚语，中国也有有志者，事竟成的语句。文化都是相通的，可以放心来用。建议大家在闲暇的时候多翻看一下英文的谚语，积少成多，相信对大家一定有所帮助。

　　考研英语冲刺完型的考点

　　1.引语

　　文章中出现的引语基本上都是考点，只是采用不同的题型而已，如推理引申题、句意理解题、作者意图题等等。特别注意首段引语的三种作用：第一，作为支持作者观点的论据;第二，作为作者批判的靶子;第三，给出文章大背景。

　　2.例子

　　例子经常出现在命题中，而且题型多为作者观点态度题。此类题型主要针对文章中所举之例的作用进行发问。

　　我们应该注意例子的出现无非有两种情况：一是先提观点后举例;二是先举例后提出观点。而该观点就是作者引用例子所要说明或反驳的。因此见到例子后，我们应该迅速查找其上下文，目的.必在其中。通过历年真题分析，发现先提观点后举例的情况占多数。

　　3.长难句

　　考点一般集中在长难句上。这些句子的共同点就是同位语、定语和分句很多;主语和谓语之间的距离很远，还时常伴有插入成分。主要考查句子之间的指代或逻辑关系，以引申推理题、事实细节题等多种形式出现。理解长难句的要领就是先找出主干，化繁为简，然后再看各个分句或修饰成分与它的关系。

　　4.转折处或对比处

　　在历年考题中，转折和对比一直受到命题者的青睐。文章通过however,but,infact,yet等逻辑词进行转折,转折后的内容常常是作者真正表达的内容。对比常用unlike,different from,until,not so much as等词语引导，考的是对比双方的属性。对转折题，我们要着重把握作者转折后的观点。对于文章中出现的将两种人或两种观点进行对比时，我们要准确把握每一种的特点，避免被张冠李戴的选项迷惑。

　　5.因果句

　　(1)出这类题时,文章中一般都since,for,because,as,therefore,result in,originatefrom这些标志词。没有标志词的就需要通过上下文推出二者的因果关系。

　　(2)当有多种原因时，主要原因常考。

　　6.段首段尾常考

　　考点一般是段首句的总览全局，段尾句的提炼、理解，或者段首段尾相呼应表达的文章主题。

　　7.类比比喻

　　议论文和说明文在论证说明事理的时候均很抽象。

　　为了让读者更形象地理解一些抽象的内容，文章常采用类比的手法。形象的类比不仅有助于将抽象的道理阐释清楚，更可以让读者加深印象。类比在文中有两种体现方式，一是明喻，即A像B一样;二是暗喻，说A是B，由于暗喻更加隐蔽，近年来命题专家越来越趋向于在暗喻内容上设问。

　　8.复指处

　　考点是复指代词或与复指副词作用相同的词。1996以前此类题目大多是直接问考生文章某句中的it或that指代什么。近几年此类题目的问法开始转向隐蔽。我们在遇到此类题时应该记住，题目的答案所在位置必定在复指词的上文中。因此，只需返回原文，在复指词上方扫描即可找到正确答案。

　　有目的性的去复习才是正确的复习之路，因此考生要着重注意考研英语完型填空常考要点。

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