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考研英语翻译常见的经典句式有哪些

时间:2021-06-08 16:04:35 报考指导 我要投稿

考研英语翻译常见的经典句式有哪些

  考研英语复习需要大家趁早下手准备,准备晚的考生到最后会比较慌乱。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语翻译常见的句子,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语翻译常见的经典句式有哪些

  考研英语翻译常见的经典句式

  句子一:

  When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

  当有报道进入伦敦公园,that是report的定语从句,也就是解释report的内容,是说有一只野生美洲狮在距离伦敦以南45英里的地方被发现了。had been spotted是个被动语态;后边they,指代复数名词,前半句只有reports,这些报道并没有得到严肃对待。

  句子二:

  However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the deions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

  for表原因,因为。for后边的句子主语是deions,谓语是were similar.given by people过去分词作定语修饰deion,由谁给出的这一描述;who引导定语从句修饰people,声称看见过美洲豹的人。这一描述(跟报道)惊人的一致。

  句子三:

  Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

  该句是倒装句,把nowhere提前引起部分倒装,原型是:1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living nowhere than in the Far West.nowhere …than译为“除了……没有其他地方”译为:1980年的美国人口统计更能显示出,美国人迁往遥远的西部(而不是其他地方)是为了寻找广阔的生活空间。在部分倒装里,do做助动词置于主语前;more是比较级的用法。

  句子四:

  Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collection to which a sample is compared.

  第一句话,critics是主语argue是谓语,that后面是宾语从句,然后to which引导的是修饰collections的定语从句,因为compare的固定用法是compare to/with sth,在which引导从句时候compare后面的to提到了which前面。评论家也指出商业的基因检测仅仅和类似作为样本的参考搜集一样。

  句子五:

  But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

  Because引导原因状语从句,后边是主句,不好理解的可能是way后边的成分,the way做方式状语,does代替have measurable benefits.这句话是说因为强笑很难保持,所以不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好处的方式来衡量大笑带来的好处。

  文章都是由句子构成,因此分析每个句子对于打好前期基础至关重要,对于其中每个单词、每个语法、句子翻译的掌握都是考研英语复习必不可少的环节。

  考研英语翻译需要掌握基本句型和结构

  英语中,常见的五种基本句型:

  (1)主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)

  (2)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语

  (3)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

  (4)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+直接宾语+间接宾语

  (5)主语+系动词+表语

  在考研英语翻译中,划线部分的句子大多是长难句,但是不管句子有多长,句子结构有多复杂,这些句子都能够回归到英语的“五种基本句型”上,即再复杂的句子,只要提炼出主干或主句,就对句子的基本框架有了一个总体的把握。而这五种基本句型都必然包含一个谓语动词,所以谓语动词就是抓主干的突破口。英语句子由短到长,主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段,其中连词主要是and, but等并列连词和what, which,who等从属连词。换句话说,这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群,因而成了句子结构划分的拆分点。特别是连词在句子由短变长方面的作用举足轻重,其中,并列连词把两个独立的分句连在了一起,从属连词把一个独立的分句与一个从句连接在了一起。但是,不管是从句还是分句都有自己的'谓语动词,具体说来,and, but 连接的并列分句中的谓语动词都是主句谓语动词,而从属连词which, that, where 等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。所以,在长难句的分析过程中,只要我们找到了这些连词和主从句的谓语动词,句子结构就一目了然了。

  一、应抓住考研英语长难句的拆分点

  (1)要明确拆分的目的

  把英语长难句拆分的目的是把主句和从句拆分开来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开来,理清句子结构。

  (2)英语句子的拆分点

  1)标点符号

  标点符号是英语句子当中最为明显的切分标志,有几个典型的标点符号可以帮助我们迅速切分句子的意群。比如说双逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等。譬如,如果双逗号之间是介词短语或者是副词短语、或者双逗号前后是被分开的主谓结构,这时双逗号之间往往是插入语的成分,也就是说,读句子时为了把握住主干结构,可以先跳过这个成分,从而提高结构拆分的速度。破折号、冒号后面一般都是解释说明的部分,它们可以成为句子的拆分点。分号相当于and 把句子分成并列的意群,也是很好的拆分点。考生在读句子时应首先看看有没有这样的标点符号,从而更好地断句。

  2)并列连词

  考生一定搞清 and, or, but, yet, for 等都是并列连词,是并列句的拆分:点,这些并列连词连接的是并列句。

  3)从属连词

  考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句,是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有:when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名词性从句连接词有:that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定语从句的连接词有:who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。

  4)动词不定式和分词

  不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语,可以用来做定语或者状语,可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词,常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语,也可以是拆分点。

  5)介词短语

  由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语,所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。

  以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方,但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构,进而更好地理解英语原文。但是,在拆分长难句的过程中,最好不要把单独的一个英语单词拆分出来,基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。

  考研英语真题中长难句拆分与表达的示例

  This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

  (1)句子拆分

  拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号

  This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

  (2)句子结构

  找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

  ↓

  找连词(when, that, that)

  ↓

  前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词

  ↓

  确定主从句

  主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;

  从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

  (3)解析

  during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

  (4)本句的参考译文

  这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

  总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,考研翻译也就解决了。

  考研英语翻译词汇积累

  1. 保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the

  ecological environment

  2. 保护珍贵动植物 protect rare animals and plants

  3. 普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge

  4. 增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection

  5. 改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment

  6. 加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction

  7. 防治污染 prevent and control pollution

  8. 加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil

  9. 加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city

  10. 提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level

  11. 享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State

  12. 加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection

  13. 保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance

  14. 创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment

  15. 采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique

  16. 开展保护野生动物 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals

  宣传教育

  17. 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities

  18. 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals

  and plants

  19. 为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings

  20. 非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest

  21. 产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects

  22. 引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems

  23. 帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming

  24. 保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland

  25. 提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness

  26. 进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans

  27. 完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure

  28. 促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city

  29. 符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games

  30. 扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network

  31. 淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers

  32. 禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open

  33. 发展太阳能 develop solar energy

  34. 提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources

  35. 减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles

  36. 使用清洁能源 burn clean fuel

  37. 实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards

  38. 关闭化工厂 close chemical plants

  39. 减少浪费 reduce waste

  40. 加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control

  41. 治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion

  42. 加强珍稀野生动植物的保护工作 protect rare wild animals and plants

  43. 崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life

  44. 使用再生纸 use recycle paper

  45. 参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities

  46. 坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area’

  47. 参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city

  48. 注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources

  49. 采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods

  50. 削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants


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