2015年职称英语考试真题之综合类
1、阅读材料，回答题。
Unpredictable Earthquake
Humans are forever forgetting that they can't control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that "scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes." The people of quake-ravaged ( 被地震破坏的) Kobe learned last week how wrong that assertion was.
None of the methods conceived two decades ago has yet to discover a uniform wanting signal that preceded all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming temblor ( 地震) is mild or a killer.Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist (地震学家), at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason :Quakes tart deep in the earth, so scientists can't study them directly. If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to ward humans in advance of all dangerous quakes.Places like Japan and California are fiddle with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults.
Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weakness in "quake-resistant" structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged. In the Northridgeearthquake, on the other hand,well-built structures generally did not collapse.
A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the faulty lines. Researchers Fan computer simulations to see how quake resistant buildings would fall in a moderate size temblor, taking into account that much of a quake's energy travels in a large "pulse" of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame buildings
and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.
More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.
From the first paragraph, it can be safely inferred that__________.
A.scientists can never be able to predict the coming of earthquakes
B.the existing power on predicting earthquakes is somewhat exaggerated
C.quite a lot of scientific assertions are groundless
D.earthquake predictions are beyond the reach of scientists
2、In spite of a problem with the faulty equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.
A.imperfect
B.temporary
C.emergency
D.reinstalled
3、 He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression gave away nothing of what she was thinking.
A.revealed
B.disposed
C.reminded
D.distributed
4、Should English classes be compulsory at the elementary or primary school level in countries where it is not the native language?
A.required
B.necessary
C.selected
D.permanent
5、阅读材料，回答题。
Home Schooling
All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school,46There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.47David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school.48For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it maystart a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal ( 去除) equipment, Alaska, polai bears (北极熊) ,and winter tourism.A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program49
Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schooled are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life.50However, most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.
请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。
A.Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.
B.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.
C.Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.
D.Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers."
E.In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.
F.If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news.it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests
influence the climate, and how deserts are formed.
6、阅读材料，回答题。
Nanotechnology
Many of the grand challenges of today and the future are found in the question: "How are we going to solve the problems and make serious improvements in industrial manufacturing, disease control, environmental pollution control, global climate change, food production, transportation, communication, and others?"
Nanotechnology ( 纳米技术 ) promises to make revolutionary contributions.Within the next few years we can expect to see major improvements. Here are some possibilities the things to come.Nanotechnology is fundamentally changing the way materials and devices will be produced in the future.
Nanostructures, ceramics, polymers, metals, and other materials will have greatly improved mechanical properties.In fact, with the ability to build things atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule there will be new classes of structural materials.Nanotechnology will enable products to be lighter, stronger, smarter, cheaper,cleaner, and more precise.
The ability to synthesize nanoscale budding blocks with precisely controlled size and composition and then to assemble them into larger structures with unique properties and functions will revolutionize segments of the materials manufacturing industry. Nanotechnology is expected to bring about lighter, stronger, and programmable materials ; reductions in life-cycle costs through lower failure rates; innovative devices based on new principles and architectures ; and use of molecular cluster manufacturing.
Nanotechnology will provide new tools for medicine.It could radically change the way surgery is done.It will make it possible to do molecular scale surgery to repair and rearrange cells.Since disease is the result of physical disorder, misarranged molecules and cells, medicine at this level should be able to cure most diseases.
Mutations in DNA could be repaired and cancer cells, toxic chemicals, and viruses could be destroyed through use of medical Nan devices.
Nanotechnology enabled increases in computational power will permit the characterization of macromolecular networks in realistic environments.Such simulations will be essential elements in the development of biocompatible implants and in the drug discovery process. Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly impact energy efficiency, storage, and production, Nanotechnology can change the economics of energy production.
The passage deals mainly with__________.
A.grand challenge in manufacturing, medicine and computer industry
B.possibilities of nanotechnology's contributions in the future
C.great changes caused by nanotechnology
D.practical application of nanotechnology
7、The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be unconcerned about the welfare of his animals.
A.critical about
B.indignant at
C.indifferent to
D.subject to
8、根据材料，完成题。
Fitness Movement
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise.Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and51thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on his52interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed53to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their54was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programsdesigned to develop muscular mass, 55, and endurance in their primarily male56. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit57from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs58few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly. 59for males and for females. Many60programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.61, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health related reasons, but
primarily62such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics.63, in recent years,evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health64as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now65that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.
请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。
A.affluently
B.eligibly
C.gorgeously
D.literally
9、New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
A.amazing
B.depressing
C.predictable
D.dull
10、Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
A.silent
B.motionless
C.seated
D.true
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