2016公共英语二级阅读理解考试真题及答案
参考译文
年轻的女性参加选美比赛使得人们一直认为：一个女性最重要的就是外貌。
多年来女性一直努力工作去改变她们的形象。她们一直试图去证明女性的价值不仅只局限于美貌。全世界开始认同，在评价人们的时候，女性像男性那样，通过对个性方面如聪明、智慧以及强大来说明这些品质比外貌更重要。当女性参加选美比赛争夺冠军时，她们鼓励人们单从外貌去评价。而通过外貌决定一个人的价值这是不公平的。
选美比赛不但鼓励观众以貌取人，而且还把这种观念传递给了参赛者。这些年轻的参赛者们为了达到评委们所说的漂亮，花数月时间去减肥，以期达到所谓的标准身材，并且学习如何穿衣、化妆、走台步。我认为对女性来说感觉自己长得不错是很棒的，但并不是要用极端或不合理的方式去追求外貌美。在年轻女性的一生中有着很多的其他重要事情要做：学习、交友、为未来的工作或家庭做准备。
只要有选美比赛存在，女性就不可能被作为一个全面发展的人来评价。
答案与解析
64.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“根据文章，女性试图通过什么去改变她们的形象?”。由文章第二段第一句和第二句，可以推断出女性通过证明和男性一样通过品质来判断自身价值，从而来改变女性的形象。故A正确。
65.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“女性常常做什么来为选美比赛做准备?”。依据第三段第二句文章所陈述的“These young womenspend months losing weight to be the‘right’size and learning how todress，wear makeup，and walk just fight…”，故B正确。
66.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“从文章我们能推理出什么?”。根据文章内容，我们可以推断出作者是不赞成选美比赛的，因为选美比赛都是以貌取人，而不是根据品质评价女性。故D正确。
67.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“根据作者，选美比赛是________”。根据文章最后一段，作者认为只要有选美比赛存在，女性就不可能被作为一个全面发展的人来看待。所以这是一种不尊重女性的行为，故A正确。
Text 4
It is late at night and you are still awake. Should you take a sleeping pill( 药片) ? People who take medicine often come to depend on it. so you lie awake knowing that the new work day will soon arrive. If this happens to you for at least one month, you may have insonmia, or sleeping problems, at an early stage. There are millions of you.., us... around the world.
A new study led by Eric Nofzinger and Daniel Buysse of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School has found that you might fall asleep quicker and stay asleep longer if you try "cerebral hypo- thermia", which just means cooling down your brain. They examined twelve people who had in- somnia and twelve others who had no sleep problems. Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their heads at bed time.
The caps had tubes(软管 ) inside filled with water. The researchers moved the water through the tubes and then changed the temperature of the water. As other studies showed that people who had trouble sleeping often had more chemical reactions ( 反应) in the front of their brains, the researchers thought lowering the temperature of the brain might help.
For the first two nights of testing, the patients wore no water caps. During the next two nights, the caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a little for two nights. on the final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water was made much cooler.
The researchers found that the water caps did not help the insomnia patients until the tempera- ture was about 140C. Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads,
68. People might suffer from an early stage of insomnia if they
A. become dependent on drugs
B. need to take medicine before sleep
C. stay up late worrying about their jobs
D. have difficulty falling asleep over a month
69. How can people' s sleeping be improved according to the study?
A. Control the brain temperature.
B. Put plastic caps on at the right time.
C. Wear caps made of proper materials.D. Limit the cups of water taken in each day.
70. How many days did the researchers test insomnia patients?
A. Two days.
B. Four days.
C. Six days.
D. Eight days.
71. What might be the best title for the text?
A. How Researchers Discovered a New Use of Water
B. How Cooling the Brain May Help People Sleep
C. What People Need for a Good Night' s Sleep
D. What Happens in the Human Brain at Night
参考译文
夜已深，你仍然醒着。你应该吃一片安眠的药吗?经常吃安眠的药的人会逐渐依赖药物，因此你会躺在床上夜不能寐等待着新一天的工作的到来。如果这种情况你持续至少一个月的时间的话，你可能患上初期的失眠症或者是睡眠障碍。在世界上有上百万的人面临这样的问题。
匹兹堡医学院的埃里克·诺夫辛格和丹尼尔·伯伊斯实施了一项新研究，研究发现如果你尝试“头部低温疗法”——降低大脑的温度，你有可能更快速地入睡并保持长时间的睡眠。他们对l2个有失眠症和l2个没有睡眠障碍的人进行试验。给他们每一个人在睡觉的时候都戴上一个柔软的塑料帽子：
帽子里有注满水的软管。研究者们通过软管让水在里面流动，然后改变水的温度。通过其他的研究表明患有失眠症的患者在他们的大脑前部分有更多的化学反应，所以研究者认为降低大脑温度对睡眠有帮助。
在测试开始后头两个晚上，病人们戴着没有注水的帽子睡觉;在接下来的两个晚上。病人们戴上了注水后的帽子，但水温没有降低;又过了两晚上，研究者们降低了一点帽子里的水温;在实验的最后两个晚上，水温被降得更低了。
研究者们发现直到水的温度降至l4℃才对那些有失眠症的患者有帮助。绝大多数患者在最冷的水在他们头周围流动时，他们的睡眠速度更快且睡眠状态更好。
答案与解析
68.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“人们可能患上了早期失眠症，假如他们…”。从文章第一段倒数第二句话“If this happens to you for alleast one month，you may have…”可以得知，有这种症状至少一个月。故D正确。
69.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“根据这项研究，人们的睡眠如何得以改善?”。由文章所提到的cerebral hypothermia(头部低温疗法)这个实验推理得知。故A正确。
70.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“研究者们对失眠病人一共测试了多少天?”。由文章第四段，一共是分四个两晚上进行的实验，也就是说一共实验八天。故D正确。
71.B【精析】推理题。题干意为“这篇文章的标题是什么?”。根据文中的实验过程及结果，我们可以推出降低大脑温度对睡眠有帮助。故B正确。
Text 5
Eating Etiquette
What should you do or not do when you are eating in Britain?
The British generally pay a lot of attention to good table manners. Even young children are expected to eat properly with knives and forks.
We eat most of our food with cutlery. The foods we don' t eat with a knife, fork or spoon in- clude sandwiches and fruit.
Things you should do
If you cannot eat a certain type of food or have some special needs, tell your host several days before the dinner party.
If you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host starts eating or invites you to do so. It shows consideration.
Always chew(咀嚼) and swallow(吞噬 ) all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink.
Always say thank you when served something. It shows your gratefulness.
You may eat things like chicken with your fingers if you are having a picnic with friends or in very informal settings. Otherwise always use a knife and fork.
When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Eating it whole shows poor taste.on formal dining occasions (场合) it is good manners to take some butter from the butter dish with your bread knife and put it on your side plate. Then butter pieces of the roll using this butter.
This prevents the butter in the dish getting full of small pieces of bread as it is passed around. In a restaurant, it is normal to pay for your food by putting your money on the plate the bill comes on.
72. Who will find the text most helpful?
A. Host families.
B. British travelers.
C. Newcomers in Britain.
D. Waiters in a restaurant.
73. Which of the following can be considered proper table manners in Britain?
A. Cutting butter into small pieces.
B. Eating fruits with a knife and fork.
C. Waiting for the hosts to start first.
D. Taking a drink while having food.
74. When eating bread rolls in formal settings, you are advised to eat them
A.with butter
B. piece by piece
C. with your fingers
D. on your side plate
75. The underlined word "cutlery" in the text refers to
A. salt
B. knife, fork or spoon
C. drinks
D. butter, cheese or cream
参考译文
就餐礼仪在英国就餐时什么该做什么不该做?英国人一般比较注重餐桌礼仪，甚至是小孩子也被要求正确使用刀又。
我们吃的绝大部分食物需要用餐具，但是三明治和水果我们不能使用刀叉或勺子。
你应该做的：
如果你不能吃某种食物或有一些特别需求，一定要在宴会开始的前几天告知主人。
假如你去做客，让主人先吃或等主人邀请后再吃，这是礼貌。这也是对主人的一种尊重。
在拿取更多的食物或喝饮料之前要咀嚼和吞咽掉你嘴里的所有食物。
在别人为你服务时.总是说谢谢，表明你的感激之情。
如果你正和一群朋友野餐或在一个不是很正式的环境下用餐，你可以用手拿着吃一些东西，像鸡肉。如果是正式场合，一定要用刀叉。
在正式场合吃面包卷时，一定要先撕开面包后再涂黄油。把面包卷整个吃下会让人觉得你的品位很差。在正式场合，正确的礼仪是用你的面包刀从黄油碟子里取黄油，然后放在你盘子的一边，然后用撕下的面包卷来蘸黄油。这样避免了黄油盘子里到处都是面包屑。在餐馆内，吃完饭结账时，把钱放在盘子里是正常的。
答案与解析
72.C【精析】推理题。题干意为“谁将会发现这篇文章特别有用?”。由文章来看，文章是给刚到英国，还不是很了解英国的人看的。故C正确。
73.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“下面哪项被认为在英国是恰当的餐桌礼仪?”。由第四段中“If you are a guest，it is polite to wait untilyour host starts eating of invites you to do so.”可知，假如你去做客，让主人先吃或等主人邀请后再吃，这是礼貌。故C正确。
74.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“在正式场合中吃面包卷，你被建议怎么吃才礼貌?”。从文章第八段第一句“When eating bread rolls，break off a piece before buttering.”可知，吃面包卷时，应该撕下一片然后蘸黄油吃。故B正确。
75.B【精析】语义题。题干意为“文中加下划线的单词cutlery指什么?”。从文章第二段“We eat most of our food with cutlery.Thefoods we don’t eat with a knife，fork or spoon including sandwichesand fruit.”可知，前后两句是对比关系，所以得出结论cutlery是餐具的意思，故B正确。
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