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公共英语四级阅读文章《电影音乐》

时间:2020-08-17 11:54:21 四级 我要投稿

公共英语四级阅读文章《电影音乐》

  留心的人们会发现,不少影片的插曲都很美丽,而且往往能起到推动情节发展的作用,那么,你怎么看电影音乐?一起来看下面的这篇公共英语四级阅读文章《电影音乐》吧。

公共英语四级阅读文章《电影音乐》

  Movie Music

  Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

  As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.

  To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant", "sad", "lively". The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.

  Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

  电影插曲

  尽管我们习惯于将1927 年以前的电影称为"无声电影",但是就无声这个词完整的意义上来说,电影从未真正的无声过,从最初开始音乐就被视为必不可少的伴奏。当卢米埃尔 的电影在 1896 年 2 月美国首届影片公映展览上放映的时候,影片便用当时的流行曲临场钢 琴伴奏。最初,这些音乐伴奏与电影没有什么特别的关系,用什么曲子伴奏都行。但在很短的时间内,为一部庄重的影片演奏快活的音乐所产生的不协调感变得显而易见,因此钢琴家们开始注意将自己的作品与影片的情调结合起来。

  随着影剧院在数量上与重要性上的不断增长,在一些场合,除了钢琴师外,还要加上小提琴师,或许还有一位大提琴师。较大的影剧院里还组成了小型的管弦乐队。在很长的时间内,为各部影片选择配乐完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中,而通常把持这种职位的资格不是技巧或鉴赏品味,而是拥有一个大的音乐作品的个人收藏。因为直到电影上映的前一天晚上乐队指挥才能看到影片(如果这个指挥真正有幸能够看到影片的话),音乐安排通常是在非常匆忙的情况下临场进行的。

  为了解决以上的困难,电影发行公司开办了为音乐伴奏印制提示单的业务。例如 1909 年爱迪生公司开始将一些诸如"喜悦的"、"悲伤的"、"活泼的"之类表明影片情调特征的提示与影片一起发行。这些提示逐渐变得更加具体,并且出现了包括影片情调说明、适用乐曲名称和乐曲转换点等内容的配乐说明单。

  某些影片拥有专门为其创作的音乐。这些早期特创乐谱中最著名的便是为 D. W. 格雷夫斯 1915 年上映的影片《一个国家的诞生》所创作的音乐。

  附:公共英语四级阅读技巧

  1.整体把握文章的脉络至关重要。

  段落信息匹配题的题目的顺序与文章的行文顺序完全不符,这就要求考生在阅读文章时整体把握文章的'结构和脉络,熟悉文章的写作思路,基本能做到理解每题的中心思想后,能大体定位到文章的相应部分,而不是漫无目的地在全文的每个段落里搜寻。如样题中的文章:首先引出话题;中间部分主要谈论两方面的内容—大学在全球网罗人才和开展工作,同时大学也在重塑研究方法;最后是大学全球化的影响和作用。把文章这样分成四个部分以后,根据每个题目的内容,就可以找到大体的位置。

  2.准确理解题目的内容是前提。

  每一道题都是原文信息的再现或转述,只有理解了题目所述内容,才能做好后面的段落信息定位。理解题目内容的关键是:抓句子的主干。冗长的句子,只要抓住了其主干,就不难理解句子的主要含义了。

  3.找准题目中的定位关键词是关键。

  每一道题都是原文信息的再现或转述,只要找准关键词才能准确定位到原文的段落中。关键词多为:a. 名词或名词短语,这类词是题目和文章谈论的对象,同义替换的可能性较小,是比较可靠的定位关键词,如样题中第46题中的American universities, global careers, internship 都可以在原文中直接找到;b.数字,如数量、年份等,这类词同义替换的可能性非常小,是较理想的定位关键词,如样题中第47题中的3.9 percent, 是原文信息的再现;c. 专有名词,如人名、地名、机构名、特殊物质等,这类词几乎没有同义替换或转述的可能性,是非常理想的定位关键词,如样题中第55题中的Danah Boyd就是一个专有名词,可以在原文中直接找到。

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