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高中英语介词短语的用法

时间:2020-11-09 20:41:54 英语短语 我要投稿

高中英语介词短语的用法

  【文章导读】介词短语,是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。口语上简称“介短”。该短语主要是用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系。 下面是关于高中英语介词短语的用法 ,欢迎阅读参考!

高中英语介词短语的用法

  1介词的搭配与选择

  介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语相结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前面用词的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。

  2介词的语法 功能

  介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如:

  The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel. (定语)

  They play football in spite of the rain. (状语)

  The decision is of great importance to me. (表语)

  They found the machine in a bad state. (宾语补足语)

  3介词的分类

  英语常用的介词大致可分为四类:

  1) 简单介词

  顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也是使用最频繁的.一类介词,常用的有:at,about,above,across,after,among,against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past,round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

  2) 合成介词

  指由介词+其他介词或副词构成的介词,常用的合成介词有:inside,into,onto,outside,throughout,within,without等。

  3) 二重介词

  指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词,常见的二重介词有:from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

  4) 短语介词

  短语介词是指由短语构成的介词,常用的有:according to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。短语介词是由短语构成的介词,不可独立使用,本身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等;介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用。

  4介词的宾语

  介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或动名词等。例如:

  名词:The car ran into a wall, and two men were killed.

  代词:Wherever he went, he carried the photo with him.

  形容词:Your plan is far from perfect.

  副词:I can’t see the tower clearly from here.

  动名词:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

  5介词短语的句法 功能

  1. 作定语  The key to the door is missing.

  2. 作表语  As we know, Japan is to the east of China.

  3. 作状语

  1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)

  2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)

  3) All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)

  6with的复合结构

  1) with+宾语+形容词

  He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

  2) with+宾语+分词

  The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

  3) with+宾语+不定式

  With so much homework to do, I can’t go to the party.

  4) with+宾语+介词短语

  The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

  7介词的固定搭配

  在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多,平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配。

  1. act as 担任 act for 代理

  2. apply to 应用于,适合于,向……申请 apply for 申请,要求

  3. belong to 属于 belong with 应归于(类别,范畴等)

  4. call on 号召,请求,拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方)

  call in 请医生,召集,收集

  5. compare with 跟……相比较 compare to 把……比作,与……相比

  6. deal in 买卖(某一产品),经营 deal with 对付,解决

  7. play with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏)

  8. wait on 伺候 wait for等待

  8误区提醒

  1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。

  【典型例题】

  1. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

  A. in B. at C. for D. to

  解析:for everyone’s enjoyment意为“为了大家欣赏”,for在此处为基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影响错选成to。正确答案为C。

  2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

  A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

  解析:next to挨着;far from远非;out of 出于;due to 因为。根据句意,空格处是要表达“但还很不理想”的意思。故正确答案为B。