单词远的荒凉的不适于居住的小题大做无前途的，半球占有优势的连续的南极的赤道，单词地球仪重要性奇特的连续的赤道，南极洲的壮丽引人敬畏在无数的岁月里它就这样孤独傲立于世界。
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55. Why Antarctica[n.南极洲] Is Being Explored.
为什么要勘探南极洲、
1. When the United States was born, the continent[n.大陆；大洲] of Antarctica[n.南极洲] was as remote[adj.遥远的] as the moon-more so, in a way, because the moon was clearly visible[a.看得见的] and the very existence[n.存在] of Antarctica was uncertain[adj.不确定的]. But now that remote land area is so attainable[adj.可达到的] and so important that it has become the subject of an international treaty[n.条约] which protects it from national rivalries[(rivalry):n.竞争] yet leaves it open to all for exploration and use. The pact[条约] arranging this is even being viewed as a model applicable[a.能应用的] to the moon and other celestial[adj.天体的] bodies.
1、在美国诞生之时，对人们来说南极洲就像月球一样遥远-从某种角度说，甚至更远，因为月亮清楚可见，而南极大陆是否真实存在还无法确定。但是今天，这块遥远的陆地已变得如此触之可及并且如此重要，以致它已受到一个国际公约的保护，使其免于成为国家间竞相抢夺的对象，而是对所有国家开放，供大家共同开发和利用。这个公约甚至被视为一个范本，适用于月球和其他天体的开发。
单词：remote＝遥远的；visible＝看得见的； existence＝存在； attainable＝可达到的； treaty=条约; rivalry＝竞争；
exploration＝勘探； applicable＝可适用的;
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2. Yet many people, thinking of the distant[遥远的] continent only as a bleak[a.荒凉的], rocky, cold and inhospitable[a.不适居住的] land mass, may wonder: Why all the fuss[n.小题大做]? Why protect something so unpromising[a.没有前途的]?
2、至今仍有很多人认为这块遥远的大陆仅仅是一大片荒凉、寒冷、岩石林立、根本无法居住的土地。他们可能很奇怪：为什么如此小题大做?为什么要保护这样一块毫无前途的土地?
单词：distant＝远的； bleak＝荒凉的； inhospitable＝不适于居住的； fuss=小题大做； unpromising＝无前途的；
3. The answer lies in a number of factors, not the least of which is isolation[n.与世隔绝] itself. Antarctica[n.南极洲] is a very large area of the earth's surface, but-until recent years-was the least studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.
3、这些问题的答案由许多因素所决定，并不仅仅是这块大陆本身与世隔绝这么简单。南极洲是地球表面上一块巨大的土地，但是，直到近年，人类的研究都很少涉及于此。更多地了解南极洲对全人类来说都非常重要。
单词：isolation＝与世隔绝；
4. A look at a globe[地球仪] is perhaps the best way to appreciate the significance[n.重要性] of this peculiar[adj.奇特的] continent. The globe shows that the entire southern hemisphere[n.
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半球] is preponderantly[(preponderant):占有优势的] water-the widest parts of the Atlantic and Pacific, the unbroken[a.连续的] sweep of Antarctic[a.南极的] seas circling the world. Although much of South America, parts of Africa and all of Australia lie south of the equator[n.赤道], most of the world's land lies north of the line.
4、仔细观察地球仪也许能帮助我们了解这个神奇大陆的重要性。地球仪显示，水在整个南半球占绝对优势-包括大西洋和太平洋最广阔的部分以及环抱地球的南极海洋。尽管绝大部分南美洲、部分非洲以及整个澳洲位于赤道以南，但地球上的大部分陆地还是分布在赤道以北。
单词：globe＝地球仪 ； significance＝重要性; peculiar＝奇特的；＝unbroken＝连续的； equator 赤道；
5.Antarctica[n.南极洲] stood in splendid[adj.壮丽的]-even awesome[adj.令人敬畏的]-isolation from the rest of the world for countleyears. Its forbidding[令人难以亲近的] climate and wild[adj.狂野的] seas prevented the migration[n.迁徙] and development of land animals such as the Arctic[a.北极的] regions know. On the continent itself are a few insects, some lichens[地衣] and mosses[苔藓], but nothing else that is land supported. However, there are amphibious[a.两栖的] penguins[企鹅] and seals[海豹] and a rich marine[adj.海洋的] life, ranging from the minute
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organisms[生物] called plankton[n.浮游生物] to the biggest creature the world has ever known, the blue whale[n.鲸].
5、南极洲的壮丽引人敬畏，在无数的岁月里，它就这样孤独傲立于世界。和人们已熟知的北极区域一样，它那令人难以亲近的气候和狂野的海浪使得陆地动物无法迁移至此和繁衍。依附于南极洲陆地生存的只有很少的一些昆虫、地衣和苔藓。然而，这里却有着两栖的企鹅和海豹以及丰富的海洋生命-包括从被称为浮游生物的微小生物，直到迄今所知世界上最大的动物蓝鲸。
分析：migrate：指人“迁居，迁移”，指鸟“迁徙”
emigrate：移居(出境)，immigrate：移居(入境)
单词：splendid＝壮丽的； awesome＝令人敬畏的； forbidding＝令人难亲近的； migration＝迁徙；
6. The Antarctica[n.南极洲] treaty[n.条约] applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude[n.纬度] 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some 2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America, and is well below the Cape of Good Hope[好望角] and New Zealand. There are a number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here are known to mariners[水手] as "the screaming[尖叫] Sixties" because there is so little obstruction[n.障碍物] to the world-circling winds.
6、《南极洲公约》适用于除公海以外位于南纬60度以南的所有区
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域。南纬60度线距南极点大约2000英里，它环绕地球，刚好错过南美洲的最南端，远在好望角和新西兰之南。该线和南极洲之间分布着一些小岛，但是，这里的海域被水手们称为“狂啸的60度”，因为这里障碍物很少，阻挡不了“世界环风”。
单词：treaty＝条约; latitude＝纬度; scream尖叫； obstruction＝障碍物；
7. In contrast, in the northern hemisphere[n.半球], the lands lying above the sixtieth parallel[平行线] of latitude[n.纬度] include much of Scandinavia[斯堪的纳维亚], Siberia[n.西伯利亚] and Alaska[n.阿拉斯加], all of Greenland[n.格陵兰] and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountains help subdue[v.减弱，缓和] the winds; a spur[刺激] of the Gulf Stream[湾流] and part of the Japan Currenttemper[缓和] the frigid[adj.
airs of this polar[极地的] region. This, and the presence[存寒冷的]
of the Arctic Ocean in the center of the great land mass, give 在]
the area a markedly[adv.显著地] different conformation[n.构造] and climate from that around the opposite pole.
7、与之相对的北半球，北纬60度平行线以北区域，包括斯堪的纳维亚半岛、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的大部分地区，以及格陵兰岛和冰岛的全部，人口总数几百万。高山阻碍了风的前进；墨西哥湾流和部分日本洋流使这里的极地寒冷空气有所缓和；再加上北冰洋又处在大块陆地的中央。这一切使得这块区域相对于地球另一端来说，在构架
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和气候方面存在显著的不同。
单词：parallel＝平行线； subdue＝减弱；spur＝刺激(物)； temper＝缓和； frigid＝寒冷的；
8. Antarctica[n.南极洲] seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing[(overflow):v.充满] with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits[(summit):最高点] of the Alps[n.阿尔卑斯山], yet soundings[(sounding):探测] show that in places that rock floor is below sea level.
8、南极洲看似一个巨大的石盆，被冰所覆盖。大陆的中心几乎与阿尔卑斯山等高，然而，超声探测显示，岩石底部的许多地点都低于海平面。
单词：overflow=充满；
9. Actually, the ice accumulation[堆积物] is lethan it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not so voluminous[adj.容量大] as it once was, and as a result there are patches of bare[adj.赤裸的] rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured[冲刷] clear of soil ages ago, but one may sometimes find moss[n.地衣] or lichens[地衣] growing, though virtually[ad.实际上] no flowering plants.
9、事实上，与1000年前相比，这些冰的堆积物减少了许多，尤其是朝向大海的一面已经不像以前那么多了，在海岸边和陆地上留下一片片裸露的岩石。很多年前这里的土壤已经被冲刷干净，实际上已
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找不到开花植物的踪影，但有时还能发现地衣和苔藓。
单词：accumulation堆积物； bare＝赤裸的； virtually＝实际上；
10. In all this barrenness[贫瘠] and cold, what is there of value? First, Antarctica[n.南极洲] is bound[一定的] to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents. Coal-much of it of poor quality-has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctic Horst[南极大地垒]. A writer has found a small deposit[矿藏] of manganese[n.锰] ore[矿石] and rock specimens[标本,样品] flecked[a.有斑点的] with uranium[n.铀] or stained[(stain):vt.染色] green by copper[铜]. These finds are important only as indications[表明] that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic[adj.有系统的] effort has begun under SCAR[南极洲研究特别
(the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group 委员会]
is an outgrowth[分支] of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened[(broaden):v.扩展] from geophysics[n.地球物理学] to include mapping and biology.
10、这样一个空旷寒冷的地方，到底有什么价值?首先，南极洲的地下一定有能与其它几个主要大陆相媲美的矿产资源。在被称为南极大地垒的山脉附近，沿线2000英里范围内已有多处找到了煤，尽管大多数质量很差。一名作家还发现了一个不大的锰矿堆积体和一些粘染有铀痕迹或者带着铜绿斑痕的矿石标本。这些发现的重要性在于它
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表明在这一地区进行深入的勘探是很有价值的，并且在“南极洲研究特别委员会(SCAR)”的指导下，系统的工作已经开始了。这个组织是国际地球物理学年会(LGY)的一个派生机构，但是它的项目已经从地球物理学拓展到地图测绘和生物学。
单词：specimen＝标本； indication＝表明；broaden＝扩展；
11. There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinental[a.洲际的] air routes lie acroportions[部分] of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics[(antibiotic):n.抗生素] have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring[鲱鱼] to be dumped[(dump):v.倾倒] overboard[ad.自船上落下] in an attempt at sea "farming."
11、除此之外还有其他的经济价值。有数条洲际航线经过南极上空；在南极海洋的浮游植物里已发现了一些前所未知的抗生素；据报道，俄国人要将鲱鱼苗倒进海洋，尝试在南极“放养”。
单词：intercontinental＝洲际的； portion＝部分；
12. But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research-from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny[n.详细的检查] at a biological[adj.生物学的] laboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues[线索] to certain viruses[病毒] are being sought[(seek)探寻] in the study of epidemics[(epidemic):n.流行病]
among the utterly[adv.完全地] isolated[与世隔绝的] members of scientific parties.
12、但是，就近期看来，南极洲的重要价值却存在于其他的研究领域：从普通的感冒到外层空间的问题。对于感冒的研究已经在位于麦克默多湾(McMurdo Sound)的生物学实验室里紧锣密鼓地进行，一群完全与外界隔绝的科学组织的人员正从流行病学的角度寻找一些特殊的病毒。
单词：scrutiny＝详细的研究； virus＝病毒； utterly＝完全地；isolated ＝与世隔绝的；
13. Investigations[调查研究] of the weather's origins[起源] and patterns are being pressed. There is no question that Antarctica plays an important role in the weather that affects[影响] the destinies[(destiny):n.命运] of those living south of the equator[n.赤道]; some believe its effects are felt in the north as well.
13、对于气候的形成和模式的研究也正在加速进行。毫无疑问，在气候方面南极洲扮演着一个重要的角色，与生活在赤道以南的人们息息相关；甚至有人认为它的影响也同样波及到了北半球。
单词：investigation＝调查，研究； origin＝起源； affect＝影响； destiny=命运；
14. As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of observation[观
察]. Here is a firmly[adv.稳固的] fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes[(floe):n.大浮冰] that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during the six months of darknethe stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States established an observatory[n.天文台,气象台] there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since.
14、在空间研究方面，南极是地球上最适宜的进行观察的地方。与北极上；覆盖的漂流浮冰相比，这里是一个稳定的点。这里所有的方向都是北，在长达六个月的黑夜中，星星围绕的中心点就在头顶。1957年，美国为国际地球物理学年会在此处建立了一个观测站，并且一直维持至今。
单词：observation＝观察； firmly＝稳固地；
15. Now it is an ideal space tracking[跟踪] station. Any vehicle[n.交通工具] on a mission[n.使命，任务] in the southern half of the heavens[天空，天堂] remains continuously "visible[a.可见的，看得见的]" to an antenna[天线] at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a unique[adj.独一无二的] role in interrogating[(interrogate):监视] earth satellites in orbit[轨道] over both poles.
15、现在，这里是最理想的空间跟踪站。在南半球的太空中执行任务的所有飞行器都可被极点上的天线持续追踪。同时，这个观测站还在监视两极轨道上的地球卫星方面发挥不可替代的作用。
单词：track=跟踪； mission＝使命，任务； heaven＝天空，天堂 ； visible＝看得见的； unique＝独一无二的；
16. Such satellites-maintaining their steady[a.稳固地；平稳地] sweeps as the earth revolves[旋转] beneath them-cover all parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation[观
communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the 察],
check point on each circuit[环形道], snatching[抓住] the data[n.资料,数据] from space, processing[(process):处理] them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.
16、这些卫星处在平稳旋转的地球上空，几乎可以对全球的所有地区进行稳定的扫描，因此能很好地完成气象观察、通讯以及其它任务。南极点将成为这些卫星环球轨迹的检查站，从太空采集数据、通过电脑在几秒钟之内处理数据，并传送到世界各地。
单词：steady＝平稳地； revolve=旋转；
17. On all these counts, the scientists justify[v.证明正当] their voyages[(voyage):n.航行；航海] to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially[(essential)根本上] their argument[n.理由] is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest[v.搜索] for fundamental[a.基本的] knowledge, which is the heart and soul so all science, it cannot be ignored[(ignore):v.忽视].
17、综上所述，科学家们认为应当进行南极勘探，同时需要大量
的资金。但是，他们最根本的论据很简单：南方的这块大陆在很大程度上仍是个迷。为了探索基础知识-而探索基础知识也正是科学的核心和灵魂所在-这个地区不容忽视。
单词：justify＝证明是正当； voyage＝航行； essentially＝根本的； quest＝探索；fundamental＝基本的； ignore＝忽视；
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46. How To Mark[vt.标记] a Book. 怎样在书上做标记
1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade[vt.劝告] you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unleyou do, you are not likely to do the most
1、你知道读书必须要阅读，“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情；我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。不这样做，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。分析：between the lines＝言外之意；
单词：persuade＝说服； efficient=
2. I contend[v.主张], quite bluntly
a book is not an act of mutilation
2、坦率地说，我认为，在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为，而是爱。
单词：contend＝主张；bluntly
3. You shouldn't mark
Librarians[n.图书馆管理员] (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean,
I am right about the usefulness
to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available可获得的] today, in reprint
大家论坛中石油职称英语efficient[有效率的] kind of reading. be likely to＝可能； 有效率的； [坦率的], that marking up [n.毁损] but love.坦率地；mutilation＝毁损； up a book which isn't yours. and you should. If you decide that of marking books, you will have [adj.再版] editions[版本], for a modest[adj. http://www.oh100.com [n.
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适中的] sum[n.金额].
3、当然，你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。借给你书的图书管理员(或者你的朋友)希望你保持书的整洁，你应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做标记颇有益处这番话是对的，你就得自己买书。现在，绝大部分世界上的好书都有再版，我们很容易买到，并且价格合理。
单词：librarian=图书馆管理员； usefulness＝有益处； available＝可获得的；reprint＝再版；edition＝版本； modest＝适度的；＝金额；
4. There are two ways in which you can own a book. The is the property[n.财产] right you establish by paying for
as you pay for clothes, and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude[n.前提] to possession[n.拥有]. Full ownership所有权] comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration[n.例证] may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer[v.转移] it from the butcher's icebox冰柜] to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense[n.意义] until you consume[v.消费] it and get your bloodstream[血液]. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed[(absorb):v.吸收] in your bloodstream to do you any good.
4、一个人拥有书的方式有两种，第一种是花钱取得财产所有权，
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就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。但是，这种购买行为仅是拥有书的前提。只有你将它化为自己的一部分后，你才完全占有了它；同时，把你自己融入书中的最好方法就是在书中写字。打个比方可能使这个观点更清楚。你买了一块牛排，把它从屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的(冰箱里)。但是，从最重要的意义上说，你并没有拥有这块牛排，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液之中。
应该被“吸收到血液”中，才能对你有所裨益。
分析：transfer:
单词：property
possession＝拥有；
transfer＝转移；
液；absorb＝吸收；
5. Confusion
people to a false
and type-a respect
工艺] of the printer
They forget that
idea, to possess
without staking
粘] his bookplate
library doesn't
enriched[(enrich):v.
大家论坛中石油职称英语我的观点是，书的营养也必须 dogood:有益于…； ＝家具； prelude＝前提； ＝所有权； illustration＝例证； consume＝消费；bloodstream＝血[n.崇敬,尊敬] for paper, binding[装订], [a.物质的] thing-the craft[n.than the genius[n.天才] of the author. for a man to acquire[v.获得] that beauty, which a great book contains, ] his claim[所有权] by pasting[(paste):n.] inside the cover. Having a fine 证明] that its owner has a mind http://www.oh100.com 位置上的转移；财产； furniture ownership sense=意义；[n.混乱] about what it means to own a book leads reverence for the physicalrather it is possible [vt.拥有] the [(stake):标出[n.藏书标签prove[vt.使丰富] by books; it proves nothing more than
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that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.
5、对于“拥有书籍”的真正含义的误解使人们错误地崇敬纸张、装订和样式-这是对物质的崇敬-是崇敬印刷工人的技艺，而不是书籍作者的才华。他们忘记了，即使不在封面里贴上藏书票表明自己对书籍的拥有，人们也可以从一本伟大的著作中获得它的精神，领略它的美丽。一个好书房并不能证明它的主人学富五车；仅仅说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已。
分析：more than：超过，no more than=nothing more than :仅仅, 只不过；morethan:不是而是；no other than:只有，正是； The boy is more than 20; 男孩超过20岁。
I was more surprised than angry.我不是生气，而是大吃一惊。 He has no other choice than to give in.他只有服从。
It was no other than my mother. 这正是我的母亲。
单词：confusion＝混乱； reverence＝崇敬； binding＝装订； respect＝尊敬；physical=物质的； craft＝工艺； genius＝天才； acquire＝获得； possess＝拥有； prove＝证明； enrich＝富有；
6. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard[a.标准的] sets and best-sellers-unread, untouched. (This deluded[(delude):vt.欺骗] individual owns woodpulp[纸浆] and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them read through, most Of them dipped[(dip):vt.蘸] into, but all of them as clean and shiny[adj.发光的] as the day they were bought. (This
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person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained[局限] by a false respect for their physical[a.物质的] appearance[n.外观].) The third has a few books or many every one of them dogeared [卷角的]and dilapidated[adj.破旧的], shaken and loosened[松散的] by continual[adj.频繁的] use, marked and scribbled[(scribble):v.潦草的书写] in from front to back. (This man owns books.)
6、书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人拥有全部的标准成套书和畅销书，-既没读过，也没碰过。(这种人占有的只是纸浆和油墨，不是书籍。)第二种人藏书很多-其中几本被通读过，大部分则浅尝辄止，但是所有的书都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。(这种人可能想使书籍真地为其所用，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。)第三种人藏书或多或少-因不断使用，每本书都书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉页至末页都画满了记号，涂满了字句。(这种人才是书的真正拥有者。)
单词：standard=标准的； best-sellers＝畅销书； delude＝欺骗； shiny=有光泽的； restrain＝约束； physical＝物质的；
appearance＝外观； dog-eared=卷角的（书）; dilapidated=破旧的； loosen=松散； scribble＝潦草地写；
7. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve[v.保存] intact[adj.完好无损的] and unblemished[adj.无瑕疵的] a beautifully printed book, an elegantly[(elegant):adj.优雅的] bound edition? Of
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course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons[(crayon):n.蜡笔] and an original[原作] Rembrandt[伦勃朗]! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue[n.雕像]. Its soul[n.灵魂], so to speak, is inseparable[a.不能分的] from its body. And the beauty of a rare[adj.稀少的] edition[n.版；版本] or of a richly manufactured[装帧] volume[卷] is like that of a painting or a statue[n.塑像,雕像].
7、你可能要问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗?当然不是。我绝不会在一本初版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的孩子任意涂抹一样!我决不会在一幅绘画或者一座雕像上做标记。可以说他的精髓与它的实体是密不可分的。珍藏版和装帧精美卷本的美与绘画和雕塑的美是一样的。
单词：preserve＝保存； intact＝完好无损的； unblemished＝无瑕疵的； elegantly =优雅地； scribble＝潦草地写； original＝原作； soul＝灵魂； so to speak＝可以说； inseparable＝不能分的； statue=雕像；
8. But the soul[n.灵魂] of a book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score[n.乐谱] of a piece of music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses[(confuse):v.混淆] a symphony[n.交响乐] with the printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini[托斯卡尼尼] revered[(revere):v.崇敬] Brahms[博拉姆斯], but
Toscanini's score of the C-minor Symphony[n.交响乐] was so thoroughly[adv.彻底地] marked up that no one but the maestro[n.大师] himself could read it. The reason why a great conductor makes notations[(notation):n.记号] on his musical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to study them-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect[vt.尊敬；尊重] for magnificent[a.华丽的] binding or typography[n.印刷] gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
8、但是，一本书的灵魂能够从它的躯体里分离出来。与其说它像下幅画，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱。任何伟大的音乐家都不会将一首交响曲和一张印刷的乐谱相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬博拉姆斯，但他的C小调交响曲的乐谱上画满了标记，以致只有大师本人才能看懂。为什么一个伟大的指挥家会在乐谱上做记号-甚至每次研究都会重复标记-其中的奥妙正是你应该在书上做记号的原因。如果你对华美的装帧和印刷的尊重妨碍你读书的话，就给自己买一种便宜的版本，同时对书的作者表达敬意就可以了。
单词：symphony＝交响乐； revere＝崇拜； thoroughly＝完全地； notation＝符号； magnificent＝豪华的；
9. Why is marking up a book indispensable[a.必不可少的] to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely[adv.仅仅] conscious[adj.神志清醒的]; I mean wide awake.) In the second
place, reading, if it is active[a.积极的], is thinking, and thinking tends to expreitself in words, spoken or written. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
9、为什么在阅读过程中在书上做标记是必不可少的呢?首先，它会使你保持清醒。(我指的不是仅仅神智清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。)其次，如果阅读是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而想法常常须借助口头的或书面的语言来表达出来。做过记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书。最后，写可以帮助你记住阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
单词：indispensable＝必不可少的； merely＝仅仅；conscious＝有知觉的； active＝主动的；
10. If reading is to accomplish[v.完成] anything more than passing time, it must be active[a.积极的]. You can't let your eyes glide[滑动] acrothe lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary[adj.普通的；平常的] piece of light fiction[n.小说], like, say, Gone With the Wind, doesn't require[vt.需要] the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure[n.消遣] can be read in a state of relaxation[n.放松], and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises[提出] and tries to answer
great fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable[adj.有能力的]. You don't absorb[v.吸收] the ideas of John Dewey[杜威] the way you absorb[v.吸收] the songs of a popular singer. You have to reach for them.
10、如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种That you cannot do while you're asleep.积极的思维活动，仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的内容有所理解。当然，一部普通的消遣小说，比如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。你不可能像欣赏流行歌曲那样领略杜威的思想。你要花力气才能获得，漫不经心是做不到的。
分析：come up with ＝提出；
单词：accomplish＝达到； active＝积极的； ordinary =普通的； require＝需要； relaxation＝放松； fundamental=根本的； capable＝有能力的； absorb＝吸收；
11. If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was President Hutchins[哈金斯], of the University of Chicago. He also had the hardest schedule[安排] of busineactivities of any man I know.
He invariably[ad.始终如一地] read with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picked up a book and pencil in the evening, he found himself, instead of making intelligent[adj.聪明的] notes, drawing what he called "caviar[n.鱼子酱] factories" on the margins[(margin):n.页边的空白]. When that happened, he put the book down. He knew he was too tired to read, and was just wasting time.
11、如果，你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道自己的阅读是积极的。我知道的最有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人是，芝加哥大学的校长哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己并没有在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处乱涂乱画一些他称之为“鱼子酱工厂”的东西。一出现这种情况，他就会放下书本。他知道自己太累了以致读不下去，(再继续看书)完全是在浪费时间。
单词：schedule＝时间表； invariably＝始终如一地； intelligent＝有智慧的； margin＝页边的空白；
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (46)
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47.The natural[adj.自然的，天生的] time sense[n.感觉；意识].
天赋的时间感、（已经作为07年阅读考过）
1. One of the most amazing[a.令人惊异的] of living things, the honeybee, has recently been shown to possess[vt.拥有，具有] still another remarkable[adj.非凡的] skill. It has a built-in alarm clock that goes off exactly every 24 hours.
1、生物中最令人惊奇的东西之一是蜜蜂，在最近的研究里它又显示出它持有的另一种非凡本领。蜜蜂身体里有一个天生的“闹钟”，它准确地每24小时循环一次。
分析：go off＝（钟表）响；
单词：natural＝天生的；sense＝感觉；amazing＝令人惊异的； possess＝拥有；remarkable＝非凡的；
2. Scientists have long known that bees carry a sort of wrist watch inside their bodies. They will return to the same spot, day after day, right to the minute, to feed on sugar-water left for them. To find out how the bees manage[设法] to tell time, an unusual experiment was carried out four years ago. Two young German biologists in Paris trained bees to come out for sugar-water every day at exactly 8:15 p.m. The scientists then set out to baffle[v.使困惑] the bees. When it is 8:15 p.m. in Paris, New York City's Eastern Day-light Saving time is only 3:15 p.m.
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If the hive[n.蜂箱] were flown to New York between feedings, which time would the bees follow-Paris’ or New York's?
2、科学家早已知道，蜜蜂在它的身体里带着某种手表。蜜蜂能够日复一日，精确到同一分钟，返回同一地点去吃为它们准备的糖浆。为了研究蜜蜂如何辨别时间，四年前进行了一项不寻常的实验。在巴黎，两个年轻的德国生物学家训练蜜蜂每天晚上8点15分准时出来喝糖浆。之后，科学家们设法迷惑蜜蜂。当巴黎是晚上8点15分时，美国纽约市的东部夏令时间是下午3点15分。如果蜂箱在两次喂食之间被空运到纽约市，蜜蜂会遵循哪个时间？巴黎的或者纽约的？
分析：feed on：以为食； carry out:进行，执行；carry on:继续进行； set out：开始，着手；
单词：manage＝设法；baffle:使困惑； hive＝蜂箱；
3. So, immediately after a night feeding in Paris, the hive[n.
was sealed[密封] and rushed off on an air liner. In New York, 蜂箱]
scientists from the American Museum of National History placed the hive in a speciallypreparedlaboratory in the museum. At exactly 3:15 p.m. New York time - a precise[a.精确的,准确的] 24 hours after having been fed in Paris - the bees swarmed[(swarm):n.一大群] out of their hive. The experiment proved conclusively[确定性地] that in spite of a 3,500-mile flight and differences in local time, the bees' alarm clocks rang right on their 24-hour schedule.
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3、为此，在巴黎进行了一次晚间喂食后，蜂箱立刻被密封，迅速送上飞往纽约的航班。在纽约，来自于美国国家历史博物馆的科学家们把蜂箱设置在博物馆特别准备好的实验室里。在纽约时间下午3点15分整，也就是在巴黎进食整整24小时之后，蜜蜂涌出它们的蜂箱。实验确切证明，尽管经历了3500英里的飞行，以及不同地方的时间差，蜜蜂的“闹钟”仍精确地依照它的24小时时间表运行。
单词：seal＝密封； precise＝精确的； swarm＝一大群； conclusively＝确定性地；
4. As further proof[n.证明], the experiment was repeated-only this time the same hive of bees had its alarm set in New York and was flown to Paris. There, too. They emerged[(emerge):v.出现] from their hive exactly 24 hours later for their accustomed[adj.习惯的,惯常的] feeding.
4、为了进一步证明，该实验被重复进行，这次，同一只蜂箱的蜜蜂，在纽约设定了进食时间，然后飞往巴黎。这次蜜蜂同样准确地在24小时后，按它们的习惯进食时间涌出蜂箱。
单词：proof＝证明；emerge＝出现；accustomed＝习惯的；
5. Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darknein a day, by the rhythm[n.韵律,节奏] of the tides[潮汐] or by the seasons.
5、科学家们现在相信，即使不是全部，但仍然有很多生物具有
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天生的某种类型的潜藏时钟。这些时钟有时根据一天中白昼或黑夜的小时数目设定，有时根据潮汐的规律或者季节设定。
单词：rhythm＝ 节奏，规律；tide＝潮汐；
6. One of the most remarkable[adj.非凡的] of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab[n.招潮蟹], that familiar beach-dweller[n.居民] with the overgrown[a.长得太大的] claw[n.爪]. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale[adj.苍白的；灰白的] in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak[n.黎明]. This daytime darkening[暗色化] is valuable[adj.有价值的] for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan[棕褐色]during the day and lose it at night.
6、大自然中最非凡的“活钟”之一就属招潮蟹，是人们熟悉的沙滩居民。它有着过分增长的螯，生物学家早就知道招潮蟹的壳在白天是黑暗的，傍晚时变成灰白，然后在破晓的时候又变黑。这种白昼黑化是针对敌人和阳光的有价值的自我保护，很多年以来，它被认为是蟹对于太阳光的一种简单反应，就像我们人类白天皮肤被太阳晒黑，晚上又会白回来。
单词：remarkable＝非凡的；dweller＝居民； overgrown＝长得太大； pale＝灰白的； daybreak＝黎明； valuable＝有价值的； tan＝棕褐色；
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7. But when an enterprising[有胆量的] scientist placed a fiddler crab[n.招潮蟹] in darkness, he was amazed[吃惊的] to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy[n.准确性，精确性].
7、但是，当一个勇于探索的科学家把招潮蟹放在黑暗中，他惊讶的发现蟹壳的颜色依然准确的按时间转变。
单词：enterprising＝有胆量的；amazed＝吃惊的； accuracy＝精确性
8. Yet another startling[令人震惊的] fact was revealed[显示]: the crab's shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides[潮汐] also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover[adv.而且], even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal[a.潮汐的] rhythm[n.节奏]. More research disclosed[揭露] that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts[马萨诸塞州], reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.
8、人们还发现了另一个令人惊愕的事实：蟹壳的颜色变得最深的时间每天推迟50分钟。显然在蟹的身体里存在着第二只钟，因为潮汐进退的时间恰恰也是一天比一天推迟50分钟。而且，即使把蟹从海
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滩上带回来放在黑暗中，它们仍然保持它们的潮汐节奏。更进一步的研究发现，来自马赛诸塞州CAPECOD的蟹达到它最深颜色的时间，比来自于邻岛的蟹早4个小时。同时观察出，邻岛的潮汐极其准确地比CAPECOD的潮汐晚了4个小时。
单词：startling＝震惊； reveal＝展示； tidal＝潮汐的；disclose＝揭露；
9. Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs[n.招潮蟹] possess[vt.拥有] real wrist watches. But ants show amazing[a.令人惊异的] accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged[带翅膀的], young queens on mating[交配] flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest[n.顶] of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare young queens. At the precise[a.精确的,准确的] moment that they took wing, a colony[n.群体] of the same species[n.物种] that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take-off time with each other.
9、蚂蚁不可能随身携带日历就像招潮蟹不可能带着真正的手表一样。但是蚂蚁对一年中的特定一天有着惊人的精确判断。每年，每一个蚁巢都会送出带翅膀的、年轻的蚁后进行交配飞行。上百个这样的蚁后有可能从土中的同一个蚁巢飞出。去年夏天，在我家的山顶，
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
我看到一个蚁巢准备放出它们的年轻蚁后。在它们起飞的同一个精确时刻，由我的妻子负责观察的山脚附近的另一窝同种的蚁族，亦放出它们的蚁后举行飞行婚礼。显然，这两个蚁群根本没有办法校对彼此的起飞时间。
分析：not any more than＝和...一样不； send forth ＝放出； 单词：possess＝拥有； precise＝精确的； colony:群体；species: 物种；
10. Entomologist[n.昆虫学者] Albro T.Gaul once jotted[匆忙记下] down in his notebook that a particular[adj.特定的，特殊的] species[n.物种] of ant in northern Massachusetts[马萨诸塞州] began its wedding flight at a certain day and time. He later learned that another entomologist in New Jersey[新泽西州], 260 miles away, observed a wedding flight by the same species of ant, on the same day, and at exactly the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take place within a definite[a.明确的，确切的] period of time.
10、有一次，昆虫学家AlbroT、Gaul先生在他的笔记本里匆匆记下，在马赛诸塞州北部某种蚂蚁开始举行飞行婚礼的准确“日”和“时”。他后来知道，在260英里以外纽泽西州另一个昆虫学家也观察到同一种类蚂蚁举行飞行婚礼的时间，竟和他记录的在同一天、同一个时刻！这种分割到秒的记时并不总是有规律的。总之，绝大多数的飞行婚礼开始时间在一个确定的时间段里。
单词：entomologist＝昆虫学家； jot＝匆匆记下； particular＝特定的，特殊的； species＝种类； definite＝明确的；
11. Birds also have built-in timepieces[时钟] which send them off on fall and spring migrations[迁徙，What the birds really 迁移].
have is a clock-like mechanism[n.机械装置] which allows them to time hours of darkneor light in each day.
11、鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。鸟类真正具有的是一种“似钟的装置”，使它们能从时间上区分每天黑夜或白昼的小时数。
分析：send off＝派遣；
单词：timepiece＝时钟； migration＝迁徙；
12. But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate[v.指出] that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily[格外的] complex[adj.复杂的]. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory[adj.迁移的] birds to undergo[v.经历,承受] a kind of "winding" in preparation[n.准备] for their spring return and breeding[繁殖]. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological[a.生理学的;生理的] changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines[(determine)
how fast the clock will run, and hence[adv.因此,所以] when the 决定]
"alarm" will ring for the spring migration[n.迁徙]. The clock continues to run through breeding[繁殖] time, then stops-to be re-wound again the next fall.
12、但是，是什么让鸟在春天北飞呢？西北大学AlbertWolfson博士的最新研究似乎指出决定回飞的时间是极其复杂的问题。每年秋季，短暂的白昼和长时间的黑夜令候鸟身体里的“时钟”经历某种转变，为它们春天的返回和繁殖做准备。在之后的深秋和冬天，如同钟的转动一样，特定的生理变化在鸟类的身体上表现出来。在冬天里，每一天白昼的长短决定该时钟的运转快慢，因此“闹铃”将为春天的迁徙响起提示信号。时钟在繁殖期间持续运转，然后停止，再在下一个秋天复苏。
单词：indicate＝指出；extraordinarily＝格外地；complex＝复杂； migratory＝迁移的；undergo＝经历； wind＝上发条； breed＝繁殖； determine＝决定； migration＝迁徙；
13. Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset[重新安排], speeded up or slowed down-all for our benefit. Pioneering[开拓性的]experiments at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland[马里兰], have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in letime. By increasing or lessening the hours of darknein each day, the scientists have been able to turn plant growth off and on like an electric switch[开关].
13、科学家现在知道，从人类的利益出发，很多大自然的钟都可以重置、加速、或者减慢。美国农业部在玛里兰州BELTSVILLE的研究中心进行了开拓性的实验，实验表明人们能帮助植物在较短时间内生长得更快。用增加和减少每天黑暗小时数的方法，科学家已经能够控制植物生长，如同控制一个电器开关。
单词：reset＝重新安排； pioneer＝开拓性；research＝研究； switch＝开关；
14. New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications[应用]. For man, too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering[调整] with the clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating[adj.吸引人的,迷人的] way our bodies work.
14、关于大自然的“活钟”的新知识具有实际用途。人类似乎也遵循每天的时间节奏。我们血液中的血糖水平以及体温随一天的时间不同而不同。我们的皮肤和肌肉里的细胞分裂在夜间比在白天要多。通过调整植物和动物的生物钟，科学家们可以更多了解我们身体运作的神秘方式。
分析：as does our temperature＝倒装句；
单词：applications＝应用； tinker ＝修补；
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